Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
microbiology
|
study of organisms too small to be clearly seen by unaided eye
|
|
|
microorganisms include...
|
viruses
bacteria protozoa algae fungi |
|
|
spontaneous generation
|
ARISTOTLE
misconception that living organisms can dev. from nonliving matter |
|
|
Francesco Redi
|
experiments on decaying meat
maggots come from fly eggs, not meat |
|
|
Antony van Leeuwenhoek
|
constructed simple microscope and lenses (50-300x)
"wee animacules" |
|
|
Robert Hooke
|
made drawings of Mucor (bread mold)
work led to cell theory |
|
|
cell theory
|
all living things are composed of cells
|
|
|
John Needham
|
proposed that organic matter contained vital force
mutton broth in flasks -> boiled -> sealed; cloudy broth developed and contain microorganisms |
|
|
Lazzaro Spallanzani
|
broth in flasks -> sealed -> boiled
no growth of microorganism propose air carried germs to culture or that air was needed for growth of organisms already in medium |
|
|
Anton Laurent Lavoisier
|
showed importance of oxygen to life
|
|
|
Rudolf Virchow
|
concept of biogenesis to challenge spontaneous generation
|
|
|
biogenesis
|
living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells
|
|
|
John Tyndall
|
proposed that dust carried microorganisms
provided evidence for existence of heat-resistant forms of bacteria |
|
|
Ferdinand Cohn
|
independently discovered existence of heat-resistant bacterial endospores
|
|
|
Agostini Bassi
|
silkworm disease due to fungal infection
|
|
|
Ignaz Semmelweis
|
childbirth fever:
physicians transmit disease from one patient to another |
|
|
M.J. Berkeley
|
potato blight caused by fungus
|
|
|
Joseph Lister
|
treated surgical wounds w/ phenolic soln
|
|
|
Bob Koch
|
established relationship b/w Bacillus anthracis and anthrax
|
|
|
Edward Jenner
|
used vaccination procedure to protect individuals fro small pox
|
|
|
variolation
|
deliberate infection w/ small pox
|
|
|
Pasteur and Roux
|
attenuation (incubation of cultures for long intervals b/w transfers caused pathogens to lose ability to cause disease)
|
|
|
Louis Pasteur
|
demonstrated alch fermentation and other fermentations were result of microbial activity
developed process of pasteurization to preserve wine during storage |
|
|
Sergei Winogradsky
Martinus Beijernck |
studied soil microorganisms; nitrogen fixation
pioneered use to enrichment cultures and selective media |
|
|
three common bacterial shapes
|
coccus
bacillus spiral |
|
|
three types of spiral bacteria
|
vibrios
spirilla spirochete |
|
|
vibrios
|
curved rods
|
|
|
spirilla
|
2 or more twists
|
|
|
spirochete
|
corkscrew shaped
|
|
|
diplo
|
pairs
|
|
|
staphylo
|
grape-like clusters
|
|
|
strepto
|
chains
|
|
|
arrangements of bacilli (4)
|
single bacillus
diplobaccilli streptobacilli coccobacillus |
|
|
inclusion bodies
|
storage (C, PO3, etc)
|
|
|
periplasmic space
|
enzymes, binding proteins, etc.
|
|
|
mesosome
|
invagination of plasma membrane
|
|
|
gas vacuole
|
provides buoyancy
|
|
|
capsules and slime layers
|
phagocyte resistance, adherence
|
|
|
fimbriae and pili
|
attachment and mating
|
|
|
hopanoids
|
pentacyclic
stabilize membrane have contributed to formation of petroleum |
|
|
two types of proteins in plasma membrane
|
peripheral
integral |
|
|
integral proteins
|
amphipathic
carbs |
|
|
plasma membrane function
|
selectively permeable membrane
location of variety of crucial metabolic processes separation of cell from environment site of receptor molecules |
