Lecom Pharm One Liners 2015 Part 2

Front 1

Somatostatin (SRIF) analog used for acromegaly, carcinoid, glucagonoma and other GH producing pituitary tumors

Back 1

Octreotide

Front 2

Somatotropin (GH) analog used in GH deficiency (dwarfism)

Back 2

Somatrem

Front 3

GHRH analog used as diagnostic agent

Back 3

Sermorelin

Front 4

GnRH agonist used for infertility or different types of CA depending on pulsatile or steady usage respectively

Back 4

Leuprolide

Front 5

GnRH antagonist with more immediate effects, used for infertility

Back 5

Ganirelix

Front 6

Dopamine (DA) agonist (for Parkinson's disease), used also for hyperprolactinemia

Back 6

Bromocriptine

Front 7

Hormone inhibiting prolactin release

Back 7

Dopamine

Front 8

ACTH analog used for diagnosis of patients with corticosteroid abnormality

Back 8

Cosyntropin

Front 9

Synthetic analog of ADH hormone used for diabetes insipidus and nocturnal enuresis

Back 9

Desmopressin (DDAVP)

Front 10

SE of OCs

Back 10

Increased thromboembolic events

Front 11

Thyroid and anti-thyroid drugs

Front 12

Most widely used thyroid drugs such as Synthroid and Levoxyl contain

Back 12

L-thyroxine (T4)

Front 13

T3 compound less widely used

Back 13

Cytomel

Front 14

Anti-thyroid drugs

Back 14

Thioamides, iodides, radioactive iodine, and ipodate

Front 15

Thioamide agents used in hyperthyroidism

Back 15

Methimazole and propylthiouracil (PTU)

Front 16

Thioamide less likely to cross placenta, inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 in high doses, and should be used with extreme caution in pregnancy

Back 16

PTU

Front 17

PTU (propylthiouracil) MOA

Back 17

Inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis by blocking iodination of the tyrosine residues of thyroglobulin

Front 18

Can be effective for short term therapy of thyroid storm, but after several weeks of therapy causes an exacerbation of hyperthyroidism

Back 18

Iodide salts

Front 19

Dose may need to be increased during pregnancy or with Ocs due to increased TBG in plasma

Back 19

Thyroxine

Front 20

Permanently cures thyrotoxicosis , patients will need thyroid replacement therapy thereafter. Contraindicated in pregnancy

Back 20

Radioactive iodine

Front 21

Radio contrast media that inhibits the conversion of T4 to T3

Back 21

Ipodate

Front 22

Block cardiac adverse effects of thyrotoxicosis such as tachycardia, inhibits the conversion of T4 to T3

Back 22

Beta-blockers such as propranolol

Front 23

Vitamins containing iron should NOT be taken simultaneously with levothyroxine because

Back 23

Iron deiodinates thyroxine

Front 24

Thyroxine dose may need to be increased in hypothyroid patient during pregnancy because

Back 24

Estogens increase maternal TBG

Front 25

Adrenocorticosteroid and adrenocortical antagonists

Front 26

3 zones of adrenal cortex and their products

Back 26

Glomerulosa (mineralocorticoids), fasciculata (glucocorticoid=GC), and reticularis (adrenal androgens)

Front 27

Mnemonic for 3 zones of adrenal cortex

Back 27

GFR

Front 28

Used for Addison's disease , Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) , inflammation, allergies, and asthma (as a local inhalation)

Back 28

Glucocorticoids

Front 29

Short-medium acting glucocorticoids

Back 29

Cortisone, Hydrocortisone, Prednisone, Prednisolone, Methylprednisolone

Front 30

Intermediate acting glucocorticoids

Back 30

Triamcinolone, Fluprednisolone

Front 31

Long acting glucocorticoids

Back 31

Betamethasone and dexamethasone

Front 32

Mineralocorticoids

Back 32

Fludrocortisone and deoxycorticosterone

Front 33

Some side effects of corticosteroids

Back 33

Osteopenia, impaired wound healing, inc. risk of infection, inc. appetite, HTN, edema, PUD, euphoria, psychosis, stria, thinning of skin

Front 34

Inhibitors of corticosteroids biosynthesis

Front 35

Used for Cushing's syndrome (increased corticosteroid)

Back 35

Dexamethasone suppression test

Front 36

Inhibits conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone therefore inhibiting corticosteroid synthesis

Back 36

Aminoglutethimide

Front 37

Antifungal agent used for inhibition of all gonadal and adrenal steroids

Back 37

Ketoconazole

Front 38

Antiprogestin used as potent antagonist of GC receptor

Back 38

Mifepristone

Front 39

Diuretic used to antagonize aldosterone receptors

Back 39

Spironolactone

Front 40

Common SE of spironolactone

Back 40

Gynecomastia and hyperkalemia

Front 41

Gonadal hormones and inhibitors

Front 42

Slightly increased risk of breast cancer, endometrial cancer, heart disease (questionable), has beneficial effects on bone loss

Back 42

Estrogen

Front 43

Antiestrogen drugs used for fertility and breast cancer respectively

Back 43

Clomiphene and tamoxifen

Front 44

Common SE of tamoxifen and raloxifene

Back 44

Hot flashes

Front 45

Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used for prevention of osteoporosis and prophylaxis in women with risk factors for breast cancer

Back 45

Raloxifene

Front 46

Non-steroidal estrogen agonist causes clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina in daughters of women who used it during pregnancy

Back 46

Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

Front 47

Estrogen mostly used in oral contraceptives (OC)

Back 47

Ethinyl estradiol and mestranol

Front 48

Anti-progesterone used as abortifacient

Back 48

Mifepristone (RU-486)

Front 49

Constant low dose of estrogen and increasing dose of progestin for 21 days (last 5 days are sugar pills or iron prep)

Back 49

Combination oral contraceptives (OC)

Front 50

Oral contraceptive available in a transdermal patch

Back 50

Ortho-Evra

Front 51

Converted to more active form DHT by 5 alpha- reductase

Back 51

Testosterone

Front 52

5 alpha-reductase inhibitor used for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and male pattern baldness

Back 52

Finasteride (Proscar and Propecia respectively)

Front 53

Anabolic steroid that has potential for abuse

Back 53

Nandrolone, oxymetholone, and oxandrolone

Front 54

Anti-androgen used for hirsutism in females

Back 54

Cyproterone acetate

Front 55

Drug is used with testosterone for male fertility

Back 55

Leuprolide

Front 56

Pancreatic hormones, antidiabetics, and hyperglycemics

Front 57

What do alpha cells in the pancreas produce?

Back 57

Glucagon

Front 58

What do beta cells in the pancreas produce?

Back 58

Insulin

Front 59

Where are beta cells found in the pancreas?

Back 59

Islets of Langerhans

Front 60

What do delta cells in the pancreas produce?

Back 60

Somatostatin

Front 61

Product of proinsulin cleavage used to assess insulin production

Back 61

C-peptide

Front 62

Exogenous insulin contains

Back 62

No C-peptide

Front 63

Endogenous insulin contains

Back 63

Normal C-peptide

Front 64

Very rapid acting insulin, having fastest onset and

Back 64

Lispro (Humalog), aspart (Novolog),

Front 65

shortest duration of action

Back 65

glulisine (Apidra)

Front 66

Short acting, crystalline zinc insulin used to reverse acute hyperglycemia

Back 66

Regular (Humulin/Novolin R)

Front 67

Long acting insulins

Back 67

Glargine, detemir

Front 68

Major SE of insulin

Back 68

Hypoglycemia

Front 69

Important in synthesis of glucose to glycogen in the liver

Back 69

GLUT 2

Front 70

Important in muscle and adipose tissue for glucose transport across muscles and TG storage by lipoprotein lipase activation

Back 70

GLUT 4

Front 71

Examples of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGI)

Back 71

Acarbose, miglitol

Front 72

MOA of AGI's

Back 72

Act on intestine, delay digestion and absorption of glucose formed from digestion of starch and disacchrides

Front 73

SE of AGI's

Back 73

Flatulence (do not use beano to tx), diarrhea, abdominal cramps

Front 74

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor associated with elevation of LFT's

Back 74

Acarbose

Front 75

Amino acid derivative, active as an insulin secretagogue

Back 75

Nateglinide

Front 76

MOA of nateglinide

Back 76

Insulin secretagogue - closes ATP- sensitive K+ channel

Front 77

Biguanide

Back 77

Metformin

Front 78

Drugs available in combination with metformin

Back 78

Glyburide, glipizide, sitagliptin, saxagliptin, pioglitazone

Front 79

MOA of metformin

Back 79

Decreases hepatic glucose production and intestinal glucose absorption; increase insulin sensitivity

Front 80

Vascular effects of metformin

Back 80

Decreased micro and macro vascular disease

Front 81

Most important potential SE of metformin

Back 81

Lactic acidosis

Front 82

Incidence of hyoglycemia with metformin

Back 82

None

Front 83

Meglitinide class of drugs

Back 83

Repaglinide

Front 84

MOA of repaglinide

Back 84

Insulin release from pancreas; faster and shorter acting than sulfonylurea

Front 85

First generation sulfonylurea

Back 85

Chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, tolazamide, etc.

Front 86

Second generation sulfonylurea

Back 86

Glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride, etc.

Front 87

MOA of both generations

Back 87

Insulin release from pancreas by modifying K+ channels

Front 88

Common SE of sulfonylureas, repaglinide, and nateglinide

Back 88

Hypoglycemia, weight gain

Front 89

Sulfonylurea NOT recommended for elderly because of very long half life

Back 89

Chlorpropamide

Front 90

Thiazolidinediones

Back 90

Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone, Troglitazone (withdrawn/d from market)

Front 91

Reason troglitazone was withdrawn from market

Back 91

Hepatic toxicity

Front 92

MOA of thiazolidinediones

Back 92

Decrease insulin resistance, stimulate PPAR-gamma receptors

Front 93

SE of Thiazolindinediones

Back 93

Edema, mild anemia; interaction with drugs that undergo CytP450 3A4 metabolism, risk for angina/MI

Front 94

Hyperglycemic agent that increases cAMP and results in glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, reverses hypoglycemia, also used to reverse severe beta- blocker overdose and smooth muscle relaxation

Back 94

Glucagon

Front 95

Drugs used in bone homeostasis

Front 96

Available bisphosphonates

Back 96

Alendronate, etidronate, risedronate, pamidronate, tiludronate, and zoledronic acid

Front 97

MOA of Bisphosphonates

Back 97

Inhibits osteoclast bone resorption

Front 98

Names of three bisphosphonates available IV

Back 98

Pamidronate, zoledronate, ibandronate

Front 99

Uses of bisphosphonates

Back 99

Osteoporosis, Paget's disease, and osteolytic bone lesions, and hypercalcemia from malignancy

Front 100

Major SE of bisphosphonates

Back 100

Chemical esophagitis

Front 101

Bisphosphonates that cannot be used on continuous basis because it caused osteomalacia

Back 101

Etidronate

Front 102

Used for prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women

Back 102

Estrogen (HRT-Hormone replacement therapy)

Front 103

Increase bone density, also being tested for breast CA prophlaxis

Back 103

Raloxifene (SERM-selective estrogen receptor modulator)

Front 104

Used intranasally and decreases bone resorption

Back 104

Calcitonin (salmon prep)

Front 105

Used especially in postmenopausal women, dosage should be 1500 mg

Back 105

Calcium

Front 106

Vitamin given with calcium to ensure proper absorption

Back 106

Vitamin D