Lecom Pharm One Liners 2015 Part 1

Front 1

Time it takes for amount of drug to fall to half of its value; this is a constant in first order kinetics (majority of drugs)

Back 1

Half-life (T1/2)

Front 2

Relates the amount of drug in the body to the plasma concentration

Back 2

Volume of distribution (VD)

Front 3

Plasma concentration of a drug at a given time

Back 3

Cp

Front 4

The ratio of the rate of elimination of a drug to its plasma concentration

Back 4

Clearance (CL)

Front 5

The elimination of drug that occurs before it reaches the systemic circulation

Back 5

First pass effect

Front 6

The fraction of administered dose of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation

Back 6

Bioavailability (F)

Front 7

When the rate of drug input equals the rate of drug elimination

Back 7

Steady state

Front 8

Metabolism

Front 9

This step of metabolism makes a drug more hydrophilic and hence augments elimination

Back 9

Phase I

Front 10

Different steps of Phase I

Back 10

Oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis

Front 11

Inducers of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)

Back 11

Barbiturates, phenytoin, carbamazepine, rifampin, St. John's Wort

Front 12

Inhibitors of CYP450

Back 12

Amiodarone, Diltiazem, Verapamil, Cimetidine, ketoconazole, erythromycin, isoniazid and grapefruit

Front 13

Products of Phase II conjugation

Back 13

Glucuronate, acetic acid, and glutathione sulfate

Front 14

Type of kinetics when a constant percentage of substrate is metabolized per unit time

Back 14

First order kinetics

Front 15

Drug elimination with a constant amount metabolized regardless of drug concentration

Back 15

Zero order kinetics

Front 16

Target plasma concentration times (volume of distribution divided by bioavailability)

Back 16

Loading dose (Cp*(Vd/F))

Front 17

Concentration in the plasma times (clearance divided by bioavailability)

Back 17

Maintenance dose (Cp*(CL/F))

Front 18

Pharmacodynamics

Front 19

Strength of interaction between drug and its receptor

Back 19

Affinity

Front 20

Selectivity of a drug for its receptor

Back 20

Specificity

Front 21

Amount of drug necessary to elicit a biologic effect; refers to the drug's strength

Back 21

Potency

Front 22

Maximum response achieveable from a drug

Back 22

Efficacy

Front 23

Ability of a drug to produce 100% of the maximum response regardless of the potency

Back 23

Full agonist

Front 24

Ability to produce less than 100% of the response

Back 24

Partial agonist

Front 25

Ability to bind reversibly to the same site as the drug and without activating the effector system

Back 25

Competitive antagonist

Front 26

Class of drugs with ability to decrease the maximal response to an agonist

Back 26

Noncompetitive antagonist

Front 27

A hormone whose mechanism of action (MOA) utilizes intracellular receptors

Back 27

Thyroid and steroid hormones

Front 28

A hormone whose MOA utilizes transmembrane receptors

Back 28

Insulin

Front 29

Class of drugs whose MOA utilizes ligand gated ion channels

Back 29

Benzodiazepines and calcium channel blockers

Front 30

Median effective dose required for an effect in 50% of the population

Back 30

ED50

Front 31

Median toxic dose required for a toxic effect in 50% of the population

Back 31

TD50

Front 32

Dose which is lethal to 50% of the population

Back 32

LD50

Front 33

Window between therapeutic effect and toxic effect

Back 33

Therapeutic index

Front 34

Term for a high margin of safety

Back 34

High therapeutic index

Front 35

Term for a narrow margin of safety

Back 35

Low therapeutic index

Front 36

Antidotes and agents used in drug overdose

Front 37

Antidote used for lead poisoning

Back 37

Dimercaprol, EDTA

Front 38

Antidote used for cyanide poisoning

Back 38

Nitrites

Front 39

Antidote used for anticholinergic poisoning

Back 39

Physostigmine

Front 40

Antidote used for organophosphate/anticholinesterase poisoning

Back 40

Atropine, pralidoxime (2-PAM)

Front 41

Antidote used for iron salt toxicity

Back 41

Deferoxamine

Front 42

Antidote used for acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity

Back 42

N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

Front 43

Antidote for arsenic, mercury, lead, and gold poisoning

Back 43

Dimercaprol

Front 44

Antidote used in poisonings: copper (Wilson's disease), lead, mercury, and arsenic

Back 44

Penicillamine

Front 45

Antidote used for heparin overdose

Back 45

Protamine

Front 46

Antidote used for warfarin toxicity

Back 46

Vitamin K and Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)

Front 47

Antidote for tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), streptokinase

Back 47

Aminocaproic acid

Front 48

Antidote used for methanol and ethylene glycol

Back 48

Ethanol or fomepizole

Front 49

Antidote used for opioid toxicity

Back 49

Naloxone (IV), naltrexone (PO)

Front 50

Antidote used for benzodiazepine toxicity

Back 50

Flumazenil

Front 51

Antidote used for tricyclic antidepressants (TCA)

Back 51

Sodium bicarbonate

Front 52

Antidote used for carbon monoxide poisoning

Back 52

100% O2 and hyperbaric O2

Front 53

Antidote used for digitalis toxicity

Back 53

Digibind (also need to d/c digoxin, normalize K+, and lidocaine if pt. Is arrhythmic)

Front 54

Antidote used for beta agonist toxicity (eg. Metaproterenol)

Back 54

Esmolol

Front 55

Antidote for methotrexate toxicity

Back 55

Leucovorin

Front 56

Antidote for beta-blockers and hypoglycemia

Back 56

Glucagon

Front 57

Antidote useful for some drug induced Torsade de pointes

Back 57

Magnesium sulfate

Front 58

Antidote for hyperkalemia

Back 58

sodium polystyrene sulfonate(Kayexalate)

Front 59

Antidote for salicylate intoxication

Back 59

Alkalinize urine, dialysis

Front 60

Cancer Chemotherapy

Front 61

Relationship of tumor cell number to time of diagnosis, symptoms, treatment and survival

Back 61

Log-kill hypothesis

Front 62

Pyrimidine analog that causes "thymineless death" given with leucovorin rescue

Back 62

5-fluorouracil (5-FU)

Front 63

Drug used in cancer therapy causes Cushing-like symptoms

Back 63

Prednisone

Front 64

Side effect of Mitomycin

Back 64

SEVERE myelosuppression

Front 65

MOA of cisplatin

Back 65

Alkylating agent

Front 66

Common toxicities of cisplatin

Back 66

Nephro and ototoxicity, peripheral neuropathy

Front 67

Analog of hypoxanthine, needs HGPRTase for activation

Back 67

6-mercaptopurine (6-MP)

Front 68

Interaction with this drug requires dose reduction of 6- MP

Back 68

Allopurinol

Front 69

Iron-chelating agent, protects against doxorubicin toxicity by scavenging free radicals

Back 69

Dexrazoxane

Front 70

Blows DNA (breaks DNA strands), limiting SE is pulmonary toxicity

Back 70

Bleomycin

Front 71

Platinum-based combination therapy for testicular cancer

Back 71

Bleomycin+etoposide+cisplatin

Front 72

ABVD regimen used for Hodgkin's, but appears less likely to cause sterility and secondary malignancies than MOPP

Back 72

Adriamycin (doxorubicin) +bleomycin,,vinblastine +dacarbazine

Front 73

Regimen used for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Back 73

CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) plus rituximab

Front 74

Regimen used for breast cancer

Back 74

CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil) and tamoxifen if ER+

Front 75

Alkylating agent, vesicant that causes tissue damage with extravasation

Back 75

Mechlorethamine

Front 76

Anticancer drug also used in RA, produces acrolein in urine that leads to hemorrhagic cystitis

Back 76

Cyclophosphamide

Front 77

Microtubule inhibitor that causes peripheral sensory neuropathy , foot drop (eg. ataxia), and SIADH

Back 77

Vincristine

Front 78

Interact with microtubules (but unlike vinca which prevent disassembly of tubules), it stabilizes tubulin and cells remain frozen in metaphase

Back 78

Paclitaxel (taxol)

Front 79

Agent similar to cisplatin, less nephrotoxic, greater myelosuppression, used to treat refractory hematologic malignancies

Back 79

Carboplatin

Front 80

Anti-androgen used for prostate cancer

Back 80

Flutamide, bicalutamide, nilutamide

Front 81

Anti-estrogen used for estrogen receptor + breast cancer

Back 81

Tamoxifen

Front 82

Aromatase inhibitor used in breast cancer

Back 82

anastrozole

Front 83

Newer biologic agent approved for metastatic melanoma, enhances T-cell immune responses

Back 83

Ipilimumab

Front 84

Some cell cycle specific anti-cancer drugs

Back 84

Bleomycin, vinca alkaloids, antimetabolites (eg., 5-FU, 6-MP, methotrexate, etoposide)

Front 85

Some cell cycle non-specific drugs

Back 85

Alkylating agents (eg., mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide), antibiotics (doxorubicin, daunorubicin), cisplatin

Front 86

Regimen used for advanced colorectal cancer, stageII and III colon cancer

Back 86

FOLFOX (oxaliplatin, 5-FU and leucovorin)

Front 87

Nitrosoureas with high lipophilicity, used for brain tumors

Back 87

lomustine

Front 88

Anti-cancer agents that affect the VEGF-signaling pathway

Back 88

Bevacizumab, Ziv-aflibercept, Sorafenib, Sunitinib, Pazopanib