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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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etiology
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cause
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pathogenesis
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mechanism of disease
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What are the two major divisions of animal pathology?
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Anatomic pathology
Clinical pathology/ laboratory medicine |
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Anatomic pathology
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the branch of pathology dealing with changes in tissues at gross and microscopic levels
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What are the three major subdivisions of anatomic pathology?
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Surgical pathology
Cytopathology Autopsy pathology |
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Surgical pathology
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Gross and microscopic observation and study of tissue samples removed from a body
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Intraoperative interpretation
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a lesion sample is quickly prepared ("frozen section') and examined by a pathologist to help the surgeon plan the method and extent of surgery
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Cytopathology
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the subgroup of anatomic pathology that deals mostly with changes to individual cells collected from fluids such as CSF, urine, peritoneal fluid, PAP smears, fine needle aspirations (FNA)
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FNA
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Fine Needle Aspiration
a biopsy technique useful when lesions are deep seated |
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Autopsy pathology
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examination of the whole body after death
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What are the two types of autopsy?
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Medical autopsy
Forensic autopsy |
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Medical autopsy
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autopsy of patients who have died of medical or natural causes without any evidence or suggestion of suicide or a crime
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Forensic autopsy
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autopsy to determine what has caused death and wnat has been the manner of death in cases of sudden or violent death, particularly when an illegal act is implicatedd
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Clinical pathology
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pathology that deals with laboratory and microbiological testing for day-to-day patient care
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Cause of Death
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the disease or injury that initiates the train of events leading to death
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Mechanism of Death
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disturbances in physiologic and biochemical state due to the cause of death
example: exsanguination (draining of blood due to bullet wound or car accident) |
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Manner of Death
- 5 manners |
how the cause of death came about
SHAUN Suicide Homicide Accidental Undetermined Natural |
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Algor mortis
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drop in body core temperature as compared to the environment
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Rigor Mortis
- chronology |
stiffening of the joints due to ATP depletion resulting in skeletal muscle firmness
Chronology: 0-12 hr: stiffening 12-36: stiffening diminishes 36+: relaxed |
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Livor mortis
fixed livor |
settling of blood
12-16 hr pm: "fixed livor" areas do not blanch with digital pressure |
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how/where can potassium levels be used to determine time of death?
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potassium levels in the vitreous humor have a steady linear rise following death
- can estimate time of death up to ~ 60 hr pm |
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what is the physical characteristics of carbon monoxide poisoning?
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- cherry-red tissue/skin color
- cherry-red brain color after formalin fixation (instead of tan) |
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what are the hepatic surface characteristics of cirrhosis?
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- surface will be bumpy in texture due to spherical shape of healed cells
- hepatocellular carcinoma will have a nodularized surface |
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What are the basic procedural steps of autopsy pathology?
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1. Review patient history
2. Careful external examination of the body 3. Careful internal examination and dissection of organs 4. Sampling of tissues 5. Microscopic examination 6. Sending for laboratory testing 7. Writing a comprehensive report on autopsy findings |
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What are the steps of external examination of the body in autopsy?
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1. Document of external findings
2. Samples from clothing, skin, hair, and nail bed 3. Observation for surface discolorations, lesions, deformities, evidence of prior surgeries or trauma 4. X-ray if indicated |
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What are the ways to determine time of death?
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1. Eyewitness
2. Algor mortis (body temp) 3. Rigor mortis (stiffening) 4. Livor mortis (blood pooling) 5. Potassium levels in vitreous humor |
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What are the steps of internal examination of the body in autopsy?
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1. Inspect first, look for alterations in color, shape, size, and texture of organs and structures
2. Sample blood, urine, vitreous humor, CSF 3. Observe and document changes related to disease 4. Look for evidence of trauma and direction of traumatic injury 5. Sample tissues for microscopy and culture tissues as needed |
