Learning Quiz 3

Front 1

Thorndike believed that his cats were not consciously aware of what response opened the door. The crucial evidence for him was the

Back 1

gradual improvement over trials

Front 2

Attempts to modify children's misbehavior in school by having teachers ignore it, while instead paying attention only to good behavior, have

Back 2

sometimes failed because teachers have not applied learning principles properly

Front 3

A rat in a skinner box receives a continuous low level of electric shock. Every time is presses a bar, the shock is turned off for 10 seconds. This procedure is

Back 3

negative reinforcement

Front 4

Punishment is most likely to be effective if it is

Back 4

delivered by a variety of individuals in a variety of situations

Front 5

a stimulus which is innately effective in increasing the probability of the responses that precede it is called a

Back 5

primary reinforcer

Front 6

Indirect evidence that the use of material reinforcers might encourage greed has come from studies of

Back 6

amount contrast

Front 7

Lepper, Green, and Nisbett gave children a good player award for drawing pictures. They found that the probability of drawing

Back 7

decreased

Front 8

The principles of punishment in children appear to be __________ as in animals

Back 8

the same except for language

Front 9

The Premack principle incorrectly states that

Back 9

a low probability response will not reinforce higher probability responses

Front 10

Grice compared the effects of immediate reinforcement with reinforcement after a delay of 0.5 second. Rats in the 0.5 second delay group required _________ trials to learn.

Back 10

five times as many

Front 11

To encourage a child to enjoy practicing the piano, which of the following strategies would probably be the least effective for a parent to follow?

Back 11

reinforce practicing with money

Front 12

Two rats given electric shock begin to fight each other. This is an example of

Back 12

pain-elicited aggression

Front 13

Ludwig and Geller found that the best way to improve the safety records of the pizza delivery drivers was to

Back 13

involve the drivers in setting targets

Front 14

In a study by Madsen, first grade children were punished when they left theirs seats. The frequency of this behavior

Back 14

increased

Front 15

In a VI60 schedule, a reinforcer is presented

Back 15

following the first response after the current time requirement has elapsed

Front 16

One group of rats is given 10 reinforcements on a CRF schedule; the other is given 10 reinforcements on an FR schedule. During extinction,

Back 16

the FR 20 group will respond more

Front 17

A group of rats are trained to run down an alley containing 256 food pellets. After speed has stabilized, the number of food pellets is reduced to 16. How fast should that run?

Back 17

Same or faster

Front 18

Reinforcement based programs for dieting have generally produced

Back 18

large losses initially but much of the weight is regained

Front 19

Which of the following statements best captures the relationship between learning and motivation?

Back 19

Learning and motivation affect each other

Front 20

A group of rats received a sequence of trials in a runway that terminated either in reward R or non reward N. According to Capaldi's model, which of the following produces the most persistent responding?

Back 20

RNR

Front 21

The most robust intracranial self stimulation behavior is observed when the tip of the electrode is placed just inside the

Back 21

medial forebrain bundle at the level of the lateral hypothalamus

Front 22

Stimuli that originate in muscular movement are called ________ stimuli.

Back 22

proprioceptive

Front 23

A pigeon is required to peck a key an average of ten times to obtain food. This is an example of which schedule?

Back 23

VR 10

Front 24

A subject is reinforced every time five seconds elapses without a response. This is an example of which schedule?

Back 24

DRO 5

Front 25

Slot machines are based upon which schedule of reinforcement

Back 25

variable ratio

Front 26

To increase the likelihood that a learned behavior will persist after a reinforcement program is terminated, which of the following techniques is LEAST useful?

Back 26

using a large amount of reinforcement during training

Front 27

Radical behaviorism rejects explanations that refer to

Back 27

reinforcement

Front 28

Bandura, Blanchard, and Ritter found the most effective treatment for snake phobias to be

Back 28

a live model holding the snake together with the subject

Front 29

If you wanted to increase the time you spent studying, current research suggests that you should NOT

Back 29

set yourself a target for how long you will study and remain at your desk until you reach it

Front 30

In Skinner's experiment on punishment, the aversive stimulus was

Back 30

a paw slap

Front 31

The relative rate with which responses are made equals or almost equals the relative rate with which responses are reinforced. This statement summarizes

Back 31

the matching law

Front 32

Williams advised the parents of a young boy to ignore him when he had tantrums at bedtime. Observations over a 2 year period revealed

Back 32

a reduction in tantrums with no harmful side-effects

Front 33

Intermittent reinforcement during training increases the level of responding during extinction. This phenomenon is referred to as

Back 33

the partial reinforcement effect

Front 34

An increase in the probability of a response due to the removal of an aversive stimulus is called

Back 34

negative reinforcement

Front 35

Parents must rely on a variety of strategies to get their children to eat a balanced diet. When parents provide access to ice cream contingent upon their children eating all of the vegetables on their dinner plate, they are applying the

Back 35

Premack principle

Front 36

In the terminology of associative learning, electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle at the level of the lateral hypothalamus is

Back 36

rewarding

Front 37

Thorndike summarized his findings in the Law of

Back 37

Effect

Front 38

_______ motivation derives from performing an activity, rather than from any consequences that might follow

Back 38

intrinsic

Front 39

An increase in the probability of a response due to the removal of an aversive stimulus is called

Back 39

negative reinforcement

Front 40

An increase in the effectiveness of a reinforcer due to previous experience with a less attractive reinforcer is called

Back 40

positive contrast

Front 41

Skinner referred to the performance of one response in order to alter the probability of a subsequent as

Back 41

self-control

Front 42

T/F Thorndike called the apparatus he used an operant chamber

Back 42

false

Front 43

T/F To increase the effectiveness of sports coaching, Allison and Ayllon introduced immediate reinforcement in the form of praise

Back 43

True

Front 44

T/F If punishment is necessary, the best strategy is to use an intense punisher

Back 44

False

Front 45

T/FI n the terminology of conditioning, the money is a primary reinforceer for humans in every day life

Back 45

False

Front 46

T/F Intrinsic motivation refers to motives derived from performing an activity, rather than from any consequences that may follow

Back 46

true

Front 47

T/F The main difference in the effects of punishment on children compared to the effects on animals is that delayed punishment is more effective for children

Back 47

False

Front 48

T.F Olds and Milner were the first to provide a complete report of intracranial self-stimulation behavior

Back 48

True