Learning & Behavior

Front 1

Learning

Back 1

Permanent change in behavior that occurs as the result of experiences.

Front 2

What type of research method used stories, testimonials as evidence?

Back 2

Anecdotal

Front 3

What are case studies?

Back 3

Observations and or interviews. Poor or low generalizability (limited to your case)

Front 4

Observing real life behavior in the real world refers to what type of research method?

Back 4

Naturalistic Obsevation

Front 5

What research method can help one gather large amounts of data and can reach a large number of people?

Back 5

Survey/Questionnaires (descriptive)

Front 6

What happens in experimental research?

Back 6

Investigator has more control.

Front 7

These are critcial to scientific analysis and methology.

Back 7

Operational definitions

Front 8

This refers to what one manipulates and this refers to the outcome or behavior one is interested in.

Back 8

Independent variable and dependent variable.

Front 9

What do you call 2 or more groups receiving different levels of the independent variable?

Back 9

Between-Subjects Design

Front 10

How does a within subjects design differ from a between subjects design?

Back 10

Within subjects design is when the behavior among the same subjects are being compared under different conditions. Indecent variable changes WITHIN the group.

Front 11

Explain error/accuracy

Back 11

Decrease in error = Increase in accuracy

Front 12

Speed in regards to learning refers to what?

Back 12

Decrease in time = Improvement/ learning

Front 13

What is latency?

Back 13

How much time BEFORE a behavior OCCURS. DECREASE in Latency usually = Improvement/learning

Front 14

This may increase or decrease. It may also learn to add more of less of a behavior.

Back 14

Intensity

Front 15

How OFTEN a behavior occurs (may increase or decrease), refers to what measure of learning?

Back 15

Rate/Frequency

Front 16

What measure of leaning refers to fewer errors (accuracy) + rate/frequency or speed = Improvement/Learning ?

Back 16

Fluency

Front 17

How a behavior is PERFORMED, refers to it's ____?

Back 17

Topography

Front 18

Memory can take on many definitions. What are some examples in which memory can be defined?

Back 18

Place, thing, skill or process. Memory = Knowledge = learning

Front 19

This kind of memory is often very brief and unprocessed and does not last.

Back 19

Sensory Memory

Front 20

This type of memory can be considered as a "workbench" because of its limited capacity.

Back 20

Working memory or Short Term Memory (STM)

Front 21

This type of memory is perhaps a very important type of memory. It has the ability to encode and process information more deeply.

Back 21

Long Term Memory (LTM)

Front 22

This refers to how info. GETS INTO memory and DEPENDS on what is done/needed with it

Back 22

Encoding

Front 23

HOW MUCH you do with this information is called what?

Back 23

Levels of processing/ depth processing

Front 24

This type of processing leads to poorer recall/retrieval, unlike _____ which leads to better recall/retrieval.

Back 24

Shallow/superficial processing; Deep/meaningful processing

Front 25

This is a type of rehearsal that is shallow/simple, that leads to poorer recall/retrieval and means one hasn't done much with the material.

Back 25

Maintence

Front 26

Unlike Maintence rehearsal, _____ is deeper, more useful and can be related to other concepts.

Back 26

Elaborative

Front 27

What is encoding specificity?

Back 27

Retrieval is better when CUES at retrieval MATCH cues "at exchange". NEED to remember situation matches the learning (encoding) situation.

Front 28

What is the difference between Recognition and Recall?

Back 28

Recognition refers to choosing from info that is already presented to you (e.g., multiple choice tests). Whereas, Recall refers to telling the information you remember. You have to generate an answer with recall ( essay questions)

Front 29

These two are known as distinctions in memory. One refers to awareness (calling up info) and the other refers to demonstrating you know the information (skills & procedures).

Back 29

Explicit; Implicit

Front 30

What is the difference between semantic memory and episodic memory?

Back 30

Semantic refers to general knowledge or learned info. & Episodic refers to events, time places and details specific to you.

Front 31

Describe declarative memory vs. Procedural memory

Back 31

Declarative = "What" (explicit). Procedural = "How" (implicit)

Front 32

Who was Ivan Pavlov and what did he primarily study & what did he note?

Back 32

•Physiologists. He mostly studied salvation within dogs.

• Noted that a simple association between a stimulus and a response "first level" learning.

•Reflexes- inborn, naturally occurring and little to no voluntary control.