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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Learning |
Permanent change in behavior that occurs as the result of experiences. |
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What type of research method used stories, testimonials as evidence? |
Anecdotal |
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What are case studies? |
Observations and or interviews. Poor or low generalizability (limited to your case) |
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Observing real life behavior in the real world refers to what type of research method? |
Naturalistic Obsevation |
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What research method can help one gather large amounts of data and can reach a large number of people? |
Survey/Questionnaires (descriptive) |
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What happens in experimental research? |
Investigator has more control. |
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These are critcial to scientific analysis and methology. |
Operational definitions |
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This refers to what one manipulates and this refers to the outcome or behavior one is interested in. |
Independent variable and dependent variable. |
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What do you call 2 or more groups receiving different levels of the independent variable? |
Between-Subjects Design |
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How does a within subjects design differ from a between subjects design? |
Within subjects design is when the behavior among the same subjects are being compared under different conditions. Indecent variable changes WITHIN the group. |
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Explain error/accuracy |
Decrease in error = Increase in accuracy |
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Speed in regards to learning refers to what? |
Decrease in time = Improvement/ learning |
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What is latency? |
How much time BEFORE a behavior OCCURS. DECREASE in Latency usually = Improvement/learning |
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This may increase or decrease. It may also learn to add more of less of a behavior. |
Intensity |
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How OFTEN a behavior occurs (may increase or decrease), refers to what measure of learning? |
Rate/Frequency |
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What measure of leaning refers to fewer errors (accuracy) + rate/frequency or speed = Improvement/Learning ? |
Fluency |
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How a behavior is PERFORMED, refers to it's ____? |
Topography |
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Memory can take on many definitions. What are some examples in which memory can be defined? |
Place, thing, skill or process. Memory = Knowledge = learning |
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This kind of memory is often very brief and unprocessed and does not last. |
Sensory Memory |
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This type of memory can be considered as a "workbench" because of its limited capacity. |
Working memory or Short Term Memory (STM) |
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This type of memory is perhaps a very important type of memory. It has the ability to encode and process information more deeply. |
Long Term Memory (LTM) |
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This refers to how info. GETS INTO memory and DEPENDS on what is done/needed with it |
Encoding |
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HOW MUCH you do with this information is called what? |
Levels of processing/ depth processing |
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This type of processing leads to poorer recall/retrieval, unlike _____ which leads to better recall/retrieval. |
Shallow/superficial processing; Deep/meaningful processing |
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This is a type of rehearsal that is shallow/simple, that leads to poorer recall/retrieval and means one hasn't done much with the material. |
Maintence |
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Unlike Maintence rehearsal, _____ is deeper, more useful and can be related to other concepts. |
Elaborative |
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What is encoding specificity? |
Retrieval is better when CUES at retrieval MATCH cues "at exchange". NEED to remember situation matches the learning (encoding) situation. |
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What is the difference between Recognition and Recall? |
Recognition refers to choosing from info that is already presented to you (e.g., multiple choice tests). Whereas, Recall refers to telling the information you remember. You have to generate an answer with recall ( essay questions) |
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These two are known as distinctions in memory. One refers to awareness (calling up info) and the other refers to demonstrating you know the information (skills & procedures). |
Explicit; Implicit |
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What is the difference between semantic memory and episodic memory? |
Semantic refers to general knowledge or learned info. & Episodic refers to events, time places and details specific to you. |
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Describe declarative memory vs. Procedural memory |
Declarative = "What" (explicit). Procedural = "How" (implicit) |
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Who was Ivan Pavlov and what did he primarily study & what did he note? |
•Physiologists. He mostly studied salvation within dogs. • Noted that a simple association between a stimulus and a response "first level" learning. •Reflexes- inborn, naturally occurring and little to no voluntary control. |