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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
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PAVLOV- Pairing a neutral stimulus (BELL) repeatedly with an unconditioned stimulus (FOOD) to elicit a condition response (SALIVATION)
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UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS
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Natural stimulus (FOOD) that reflexively elicits a response (SALIVATION) without the need for prior learning.
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UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE
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An unlearned response (SALIVATION) that is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus (FOOD)
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NEUTRAL STIMULUS
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A stimulus (BELL) that produces no conditioned response prior to learning
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CONDITIONED STIMULUS
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Originally the neutral stimulus. When paired with the unconditioned stimulus (FOOD), the neutral stimulus (BELL) becomes conditioned as it gains the power to cause a response
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CONDITIONED RESPONSE
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A learned response elicited by the conditioned stimulus
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EXTINCTION
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The weakening of conditioned behavior when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus
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GENERALIZATION
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Occurs when stimuli that are similar to the original stimuli
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DISCRIMINATION
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The ability to distinguish between two similar stimuli
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OPERANT CONDITIONING
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A learning process in which behavior is shaped and maintained by consequences (rewards or punishment) that follows a response.
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REINFORCEMENT
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Strengthens a response and makes it more likely to occur
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POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
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Adding a stimulus to reinforce behavior
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NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT
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Taking away an aversive stimulus to reinforce behavior
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PREMACK PRINCIPLE
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The opportunity to engage in a preferred activity can be used to reinforce a less-preferred activity
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CONTINUOUS REINFORCEMENT
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All correct responses are reinforced
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shaping
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Strengthening behavior by reinforcing successive approximations of a behavior until the entire correct routine is displayed
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INTERMITTENT REINFORCEMENT
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Rewarding some but not all correct responses
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FIXED RATIO SCHEDULE
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Reinforcement that occurs after a set number of responses
EX: paid after every two lawns you mow |
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VARIABLE RATIO SCHEDULE
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Ratio varies
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FIXED INTERVAL SCHEDULE
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Reinforcement that occurs after a set amount of time has elapsed
EX: paycheck every Friday |
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VARIABLE INTERVAL SCHEDULE
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Time interval varies
EX: POP QUIZ |
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PUNISHMENT
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Behavior is followed by an aversive consequence that decreases the likelihood of the behavior being repeated
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POSITIVE PUNISHMENT
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Adding an aversive stimulus
EX: Adding more jobs |
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NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT
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Taking away a desired stimulus
EX: Taking away car keys or cell phone |
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OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
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Occurs by watching others and then imitating or modeling the observed behavior
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