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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mapp v. Ohio
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Banned the use of illegally seized evidence in criminal cases in the states by applyiing the Fourth Amendment guarantee against unreasoable search and seizure.
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Gideon v. Wainwright
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Affirmed that equal protection under the Fourteenth Amendment requires that legal counsel be appointed for all indigent defendants in all criminal cases.
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Escobedo v. Illinois
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Affirmed that a suspect is entitled to confer with an attorney as soon as the focus of a police investigation of suspects become accusatory.
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Miranda v. Arizona
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required police to inform suspects of thier consitutional right to remain silent, thier right to an attorney, and thier right to have an attorney even if they can't afford one. Although the suspect may knowingly waive these rights, police may not question anyone who asks for a lawyer or refuses to answer questions at any point
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CALEA Goals
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1. increase agency capabilities to prevent and control crime.
2. to enhance agency effectiveness and efficiency in the delievery of law enforcement services 3. To imporve cooperation and coordination with other law enforcement agencies and with other components of the criminal justice system 4. Increase citizen and staff confidence in the goals, objectives, policies, and practices of the agency |
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Three Styles Of Law Enforcement
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1. Watchman
2.Legalistic 3. Service Style |
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Watchman Style of Policing
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Emphasizes order maintenance and is found in cities that have traditional political machines and are in economic decline.
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Legalistic Style of Policing
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Found in cities with reform-minded, professional governments with a heterogeneous citizenry.
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Service Style of Policing
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Oriented toward the needs of citizens and is found in homogenous suburban communities.
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Three Major Forms Of Local Gov't
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1. Strong Mayor
2. City Manager 3. City Council |
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Strong Mayor
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Serves as the chief executive of the city.
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City Manager
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The City council entrusts an individual to make city personnel and budget decisions.
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City Council
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acts as the chief legislative and policymaking body
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Three Political Areas of Conflict
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1. Confrontation
2. Shaky Alliance 3. Politicized Organization |
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County Sheriff vs. Police Chief
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Sheriffs are typically elected to thier posts.
Police Chiefs are usually appointed. Sheriffs hahve a custodial role in the detention of pisoners, a role not common to municipal police. |
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How can citizens be involved in the policymaking proces of law enforcement agencies?
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Participation in community groups.
Religious Organizations. Senior Citizens organizations. |
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School Resource Officer (SFO)
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Permanently assigned at a school location in order to protect students, contribute to an orderly environment, provide immediate response to life-threatening situations.
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Four Types of organizations that result from asking cui bono.
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1. Mutual Benefits
2. Buisness concerns 3. Service Organizations 4.Commonweal organizations |
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Issue for the police as a common weal organization.
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External Pressures
Internal Pressures |
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External Pressures
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The public expects the police to be responsive to democratic control, but the police must also be bureaucratically governed within and efficient.
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Internal Pressures
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Police officers do not want to be treated like cogs in a machine and want some voice in how the department operates.
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Exception Principle
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-Developed by F.W. Taylor
-requires that routine decisions are to be made at the lowest level of the organization, where they can be made effectively, while unusual or "exceptions" are referred to higher authority for resolution. |
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Human Relations School
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arose in reaction to the mechanistic orientation of traditional organizational theory, which seemed to ignore the human element in organizations.
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Chaos Theory
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Sometimes things seems or are out of control whose impact simply overwhelmed existing systems and resources.
Under such overwhelming conditions, new and often spontaneous systems spring up which are based on the recognition that ultimately we are mutually dependent on each other. |
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Social Science Quantum Theory
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There are some things in certain situations we do not know about and may never knw about and, if we did, we might not understand them.
Things have to get done; we can't allow ourselves to get "locked down" or paralyzed. |
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Administrative Theory
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Sought to identify generic or universal methods and principles of managment which applied to all organizations, it is also referred to as the principles approach to management and has a "how to" orientation.
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Cui Bono
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Who Benefits?
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Contingency Theory
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There is no one best way to organize, lead, or motivate people and that it all depends on a number of factors which have to be specified.
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