Law And Medical Ethics For Medical Careers (By Judson)

Front 1

genetics

Back 1

the study of heredity

Front 2

heredity

Back 2

the process by which organisms pass genetic traits to their offspring

Front 3

genetic discrimination

Back 3

differential treatment of individuals based on their actual or presumed genetic differences

Front 4

genetic engineering

Back 4

manipulating DNA within cells of plants and animals to ensure that certain traits will be eliminated in offspring and that desireable traits will be passed on

Front 5

clone

Back 5

an organism grown aseually, usually from single cell of the parent

Front 6

xenotransplantation

Back 6

transplanting animal tissues and organs into humans

Front 7

stem cells

Back 7

early embrionic cells that hace the potential to become any type of body cell

Front 8

gene therapy

Back 8

treating harmful genetic diseases or traits by eliminating or modifying the harmful gene

Front 9

in vitro fertilization (IVF)

Back 9

fertilization that takes place outside a woman's body, literally in glass, as in a test tube

Front 10

artificial insemination

Back 10

the mechanical insertion of viable semen into the vagina

Front 11

homologous artificial insemination

Back 11

husband's sperm mechanically injected into wife to fertilize her eggs

Front 12

heterologous artificial insemination

Back 12

donor sperm injected into vagina to fertilize eggs

Front 13

surrogate

Back 13

a woman, who becomes pregnant, usually by artificial insemination or surgical implantation of fertilized egg and bears a child for another woman

Front 14

parens patriae

Back 14

legal doctorine that gives the state the authority to act in a child's best interest

Front 15

safe haven laws

Back 15

state laws that allow a mother to abandon a newborn at a fire station, police station, or hospital without legal prosecution, or reduced prosecution

Front 16

mature minors

Back 16

individuals in their mid to late teens who, for health care purposes, are considered mature enough to comprehend a physicia'n's recommendations and give informed consent

Front 17

emancipated minors

Back 17

individuals in their mid to late teens who legally live outside of parental or guardian control

Front 18

Uniform Determination of Death Act

Back 18

proposal that established uniform guidelines for determining when death has occured

Front 19

brain death

Back 19

final cessation of bodily activity, used to determine when death actually occurs; circulatory and respiratory functions have irreversibly ceased, and the entire brain, including the brain stem, has irreversibly ceased to function

Front 20

comatose

Back 20

condition of deep stupor where tha patient cannot be roused by external stimuli

Front 21

persistant vegistative state

Back 21

(PVS) irreversible cessation of the higher functions of the brain

Front 22

signs of death

Back 22

cannot breathe without assistance, no coughing or gagging reflex, no pupil response to light, no blinking reflex when cornea is touched, no grimace reflex when head is retated or ears flushed with cold water, and no response to pain

Front 23

terminally ill

Back 23

patients who are expected to die within 6 months

Front 24

thanatology

Back 24

the study of death and the psychological methods of coping with it

Front 25

palliative care

Back 25

treatment for terminally ill patient's symptoms to make dying more comfortable, also called comfort care

Front 26

curative care

Back 26

treatment directed toward curing a disease

Front 27

hospice

Back 27

a facility or program ofter carried out in patient's home where teams of health care practioners and volunteers provide an environment that focuses on the emotional needs of the dying patient

Front 28

Uniform Rights of the Terminally Ill Act of 1989

Back 28

federal statute that guides state legislatures to address advanced directives

Front 29

Patient Self Determination Act of 1990

Back 29

Federal law that requires hospitals to provide written information to patients regarding their rights under state law to make medical decisions and execute advanced directives

Front 30

living will

Back 30

an advanced directive that specifies a person's end of life wishes

Front 31

durable power of attorney

Back 31

advanced directive that confers upon a designee the authority to make a variety of legal decisions on behalf of the grantor, including health decisions

Front 32

health care proxy

Back 32

durable power of attorney for health care purposes only

Front 33

DNR Do not resuscitate order

Back 33

order by patient that specifies a patient does not wish to be revived if their heart stops

Front 34

organ donor directives

Back 34

patient wishes to donate their organs after death and signs donor card or back or driver's license

Front 35

active euthanasia

Back 35

a conscious act that results in death

Front 36

passive euthanasia

Back 36

the act of allowing a patient to die naturally, without medical interference

Front 37

voluntary euthanasia

Back 37

the act of ending a patient's life by medical means with his permission

Front 38

involuntary euthanasia

Back 38

the act of ending a terminal patient's life by medical means without his permission

Front 39

staff privileges

Back 39

the right to practice at a particular hospital

Front 40

Federal Trade Commission Act

Back 40

a federal statute that established the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) which prohibits unfair or deceptive acts in advertising and other trade areas

Front 41

referral

Back 41

the act of recommending to a patient the dianostic or theraputic services of another physician

Front 42

conflict of interest

Back 42

a situation in which a person is faces with between financial gain and his duty to provide the best possible medical care to their patients