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148 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Glucocorticoids decrease or increase blood sugar levels.
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increase
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High blood sugar levels stimulate or inhibit glucocorticoid secretions?
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inhibit
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Low blood sugar levels stimulate or inhibit glucocorticoid secretion?
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stimulate
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The adrenal medulla secretes hormones that act like parasympathetic or sympathetic nerves.
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mimics sympathetic nerve stimulation
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Aldosterone decreases or increases blood sodium levels?
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increases
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Increased blood volume decreases or increases aldosterone secretion?
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increases
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Decreased blood volume decreases or increases aldosterone secretion?
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decreases
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Which hormone causes an increased flexibility of the pubic symphysis?
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Relaxin
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Which hormone helps dilate the cervix during labor and delivery?
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Relaxin
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Which hormone regulates spermatogenesis?
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Testosterone
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Which hormone directly promotes and maintains masculine secondary sex characteristics?
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Testosterone
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Which hormone directly promotes and maintains feminine secondary sex characteristics?
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Estrogen & progesterone
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Which hormone directly regulates the female reproductive cycle?
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Estrogen & progesterone
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Which hormone directly maintains pregnancy?
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Estrogen & progesterone
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The effect of decreasing the numbers of target cell receptors in the presence of excess hormone is known as:
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Down-regulation
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The effect of increasing the numbers of target cell receptors in the presence of deficient hormone is known as:
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Up-regulation
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Up-regulation makes the target cells more or less responsive to a particular hormone?
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more
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Down-regulation makes the target cells more or less responsive to a particular hormone?
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less
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Which type of hormone circulates in free form in plasma?
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Water-soluble hormones
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Which type of hormone circulate attached to transport proteins?
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Fat-soluble hormones
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Glucagon decreases or increases blood sugar levels?
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raises blood glucose levels
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Insulin decreases or increases blood sugar levels?
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decreases
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High blood sugar levels stimulate or inhibit glucagon secretion?
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inhibit
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High blood sugar levels stimulate or inhibit insulin secretion?
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stimulate
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Low blood sugar levels stimulate or inhibit insulin secretion?
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inhibit
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Low blood sugar levels stimulate or inhibit glucagon secretion?
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stimulate
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Which cells of the pancreas produce hormones?
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alpha or A cells
beta or B cells delta of D cells F cells |
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Which hormone causes an increase in blood calcium levels?
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calcitonin
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Parathyroid hormone secretion is stimulated or inhibited by decreased blood calcium levels?
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stimulated
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Parathyroid hormone secretion is stimulated or inhibited by increased blood calcium levels?
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inhibited
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The hypothalamus produces the hormones antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin which are released in the _____ pituitary gland.
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Posterior
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Which posterior pituitary hormone stimulates contraction of the uterus during childbirth?
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oxytocin
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Which posterior pituitary hormone stimulates ejection of milk from the mammary glands during lactation?
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oxytocin
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Which posterior pituitary hormone prevents water loss by the body?
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antidiuretic hormone
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Low blood volume stimulates or inhibits secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
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stimulates
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High blood volume stimulates or inhibits secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
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inhibit
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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) causes vasocontriction or vasodilation?
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vasocontriction
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Prolactin causes an increased or decreased flow of milk from the mammary gland.
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increased
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Which anterior pituitary hormone stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids from the suprarenal gland?
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adrenocorticotropic ACTH
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Which anterior pituitary hormone stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones?
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thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyroxin) TSH
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Which anterior pituitary hormone initiates the development of oocytes?
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follicle-stimulating hormone FSH
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Which anterior pituitary hormone stimulates the testes to produce sperm?
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follicle-stimulating hormone FSH
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Which anterior pituitary hormone stimulates secretion of estrogens and progesterone?
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luteinizing hormone LH
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Which anterior pituitary hormone stimulates ovulation?
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luteinizing hormone LH
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Which anterior pituitary hormone stimulates growth of body cells and tissue repair?
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human growth hormone (somatotropin)
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Thyroid hormones cause a decrease or an increase in the basal metabolism rate?
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increase
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Thyroid hormones cause a decrease or an increase in protein synthesis?
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increase
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Thyroid hormones cause a decrease or an increase in the breakdown of fats?
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increase
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Thyroid hormones cause a decrease or an increase in the use of glucose?
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increase
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Which hormone causes a decrease in blood calcium levels?
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calcitonin
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Calcitonin secretion is stimulated or inhibited by increased blood calcium levels?
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stimulated
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Calcitonin secretion is stimulated or inhibited by decreased blood calcium levels?
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inhibited
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Identify the stage of follicle development where a single layer of squamous cells surround the primary oocyte.
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primordial follicle
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Identify the stage of follicle development where a single layer of cuboidal cells surround the primary oocyte.
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primary follicle
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Identify the stage of follicle development when the zona pellucida first appears.
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secondary follicles
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Identify the stage of follicle development when the follicular cells become stratified..
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secondary follicles
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Identify the stage of follicle development when the granulosa cells form.
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secondary follicles
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Identify the stage of follicle development when the theca folliculi first forms.
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secondary follicles
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Identify the stage of follicle development when the antrum first forms.
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tertiary follicles
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Identify the stage of follicle development when the cumulus oophorus first appears.
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tertiary follicles
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Identify the stage of follicle development when the corona radiata first appears.
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tertiary follicles
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Identify the stage of follicle development when the oocyte becomes attached to the wall by a thin thread and eventually floats free.
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mature follicle (Graafian follicle)
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Identify the structue that is a circular pigmented area of skin on the breast.
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areola
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Identify the structure that contains the openings of the lactiferous ducts.
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nipple`
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Identify the structures that consist of milk-secreting glands.
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lobules
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Identify the strands of connective tissue that support the breast tissue.
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Suspensory ligaments
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Identify the duct that collects milk and passes it to the mammary duct.
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Secondary tubules
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Identify the duct that collects milk from many secondary tubules.
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Mammary ducts
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Identify the grape-like clusters of milk-secreting glands.
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alveoli
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Identify the expansion of the mammary duct.
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Lactiferous sinus
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Identify the duct that carries milk from the lobe to the exterior.
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Lactiferous duct
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The ovarian ligament connects which two structures?
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attaches the ovary to the uterus
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The broad ligament connects to all of the following except:
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pelvic wall.
attaches the ovary to the uterus and uterine tube. |
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The suspensory ligament connects which two structures
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attaches the ovary to the pelvic wall
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The round ligament connects which two structures
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attaches the uterus to the labia majora
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Which part of the uterine tube is open and funnel-shaped?
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Infundibulum
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Which part of the uterine tube lies near the ovary?
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Infundibulum
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Which part of the uterine tube contain fimbriae?
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Infundibulum
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Which part of the uterine tube is the widest and longest?
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Ampulla
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In which part of the uterine tube does fertilization usually occur?
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Ampulla
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Which part of the uterine tube is the most narrow?
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Isthmus
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Which part of the uterine tube connects to the uterus?
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Isthmus
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Which part of the uterus is dome-shaped?
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Fundus
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Which part of the uterus contains the thickest myometrium?
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Fundus
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Which part of the uterus contains the uterine cavity?
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body
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The external os connects which two structures
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opening of the cervical canal into the vagina
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The internal os connects which two structures?
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opening of the cervical canal into the uterine cavity
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Which layer of the uterus is the visceral peritoneum?
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Perimetrium
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Which layer of the uterus is the outer layer?
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Perimetrium
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Which layer of the uterus is under the influence of oxytocin?
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Myometrium
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Which layer of the uterus contains the stratum functionalis?
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Endometrium
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Which layer of the uterus contains the stratum básalis?
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Endometrium
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Which layer of the uterus is shed during menstruation?
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stratum functionalis
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Which layer of the uterus is permanent?
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stratum básalis
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Identify the elevation of adipose tissue covered by skin and coarse pubic hair in the female vulva.
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Mons Pubis
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Identify the two longitudinal folds of skin in the female vulva that is homologous to the scrotum.
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labia majora
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Identify the two smaller longitudinal folds of skin medially in the female vulva .
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Labia Minora
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Identify the small, cylindrical mass of erectile tissue in females that is homologous to the penis.
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Clitoris
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Identify the structure that contains a prepuce.
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Clitoris
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Identify the structure that contains the vaginal orifice.
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Vestibule
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Identify the structure that contains the external urethral orifice.
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Vestibule
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Which accessory gland is paired, convoluted, and pouch-like?
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seminal vesicles
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Which accessory gland secretes an alkaline, viscous fluid that contains fructose?
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seminal vesicles
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Which accessory gland secretes a milky, slightly acidic fluid that contains citrate?
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prostate gland
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Which accessory gland secretes an alkaline substance and mucus?
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bulbourethral gland
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Which accessory gland is paired and pea-sized?
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bulbourethral gland
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Which accessory gland is doughnut-shaped?
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prostate gland
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Identify the outer, serous membrane that partially covers the testis.
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tunica vaginalis
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Identify the inner, dense fibrous capsule of the testis.
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tunica albuginea
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Identify the internal compartments of the testis.
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lobules
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Identify the connective tissue sac that supports the testes.
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scrotum
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Which statement is true about the dartos muscle?
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contains smooth muscle
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Which statement is true about the cremaster?
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contains skeletal muscle
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Which duct of the testis collects sperm from the seminiferous tubule?
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straight tubule
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Which duct of the testis empties into the rete testis?
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straight tubule
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Which duct of the testis is a network of anastomosing channels?
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rete testis
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Which duct of the testis collects sperm from the straight tubules of all the lobules?
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rete testis
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Which duct of the testis drains the rete testis?
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efferent ducts
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Which duct of the testis is a tightly coiled (20 ft. in uncoiled length) tubule?
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ductus epididymis
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Which duct of the testis comprises the body & tail of the epididymis?
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ductus epididymis
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Which duct of the testis collects sperm from the efferent ducts?
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ductus epididymis
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Which duct of the testis empties into the vas deferens?
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ductus epididymis
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Which duct of the testis drains the ductus epididymis?
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vas deferens
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Which duct of the testis ends in a dilatation?
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ductus deferens
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Which duct drains the seminal vesicle?
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ejaculatory duct
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Which duct joins the excretory duct to form the ejaculatory duct?
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ampulla of ductus deferens
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Which duct is formed by the union of the ampulla of the vas deferens and the excretory duct?
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ejaculatory duct
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Semen flows from the ejaculatory duct into which duct?
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prostatic urethra
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The prostatic urethra receives semen from which duct?
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ejaculatory duct
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Which is one of the paired, dorsolateral masses of the penis?
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corpora cavernosa
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Which is the mid-ventral mass of the penis?
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corpus spongiosum
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What contains the spongy urethra?
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corpus spongiosum
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Which is the tapered ends of the corpora cavernosa?
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crura
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Which is the margin of the glans penis?
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corona
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What is the terminal, slit-like opening of the penis?
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external urethral orifice
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Which layer of cells lies next to the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubule?
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spermatogonia
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Which layer of cells lies next to the lumen of the seminiferous tubule?
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sperm
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In the seminiferous tubule, which layer of cells first contains a haploid number of chromosomes?
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secondary spermatocytes
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In the seminiferous tubule, which layer of cells lies closest to the sperm layer?
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spermatids
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In the seminiferous tubule, which layer of cells contains the diploid daugther cells of spermatogonia mitosis?
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spermatogonia
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Which part of the sperm contains the DNA?
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head
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Which part of the sperm contains the acrosome?
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head
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Which part of the sperm contains the energy-producing organelles?
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midpiece
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Which part of the sperm provides the locomotion?
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midpiece
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Which testis cell forms a blood-testis barrier?
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sustentacular cells
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Which testis cell secretes hormone, inhibin?
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sustentacular cells
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Which testis cell fills the spaces between adjacent seminiferous tubules?
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interstitial endocrinocytes
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Which testis cell secretes testosterone?
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interstitial endocrinocytes
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