Lare Section 3 - Study Question

Front 1

Sociopetal space

Back 1

encourages face-to-face communications by inclusive form, archetypically described as an inward-oriented circle with a diamter of 6-12 feet (ex. inward facing circular bench)

Front 2

Sociofugal space

Back 2

decreases interaciton by reducing eye contact and conversation (ex. straight line of benches or outward-facing circular bench)

Front 3

sociopetal space dimensions

Back 3

- intimate interaction 0.5 - 1.5 feet

- personal distance 1.5 - 4 feet

- social distance 4 - 12 feet

- public distance 12+ feet

Front 4

Steps of initial conceptual design process

Back 4

1 - develop general area takeoff and building footprint to measure total site coverage

2- ID alt. site design concepts to min. resource costs & disruption

3- ID topogrpahic and hydrological impacts of proposed design

4- review financial implications

5- develop matrix of use and site compatibility index

(Time Saver Standards, 220-3)

Front 5

Key points - site layout and construction:

Back 5

Design should seek to min. amount of impervious surface that is constructed

- Minimize length of utility connections

- Accomodate service via gravity sewers whenever possible

- Orient buildings to take advantage of solar access

- Use recycled and regional materials whenever possible

Front 6

Bioclamtic design

Back 6

the concept of relating temperature and humidity conditions to design for human comfort

Front 7

4 general climate zones across the U.S.

Back 7

Hot Arid Regions - hot summer and mild to cool winter; low humidy + precipitations

- Hot Humid Regions - hot summer and mild to

cool winter; high humidity + precipitation

- Temperate Regions - hot humid summers and cold winters; preciptiation is high - significant seasonal temp. variations

- Cold Regions - mild summer and very cold winters; extreme freeze/thaw cycle

Front 8

3 Climatic Design Variables for human comfort in any climate zone:

Back 8

1 - solar radiation

2 - air movement

3 - humidity

Front 9

Windward Siting and Leeward Siting

Back 9

Winward: activities requiring the benefits of prevailing cooling breezes should not be located too close to the winward side of a building because the breeze will lift over the mass

Leeward: activities requiring protection from chilling winds should be located within the 4-6H zone of reduced wind velocity for max. effect

Front 10

Human comfort zone

Back 10

Temp: 20 - 27 C (68-80 F)

Humidity: 80% - 20%

Wind Velocity: at least 0.6 mph

Front 11

Maximum stair height before landing

Minimum width of stair

Back 11

5 feet high, 5 feet wide

Front 12

ADA running slopes

Back 12

Max 1:20 (5%)

Ramps shouldn't exceed 8.33% (1:12) for distances greater than 30 feet

Cross slopes shouldn't exceed 2%

Front 13

Min. Accessible Parking Spaces

Back 13

Total 1-100 / 1 per 25 total

Total 101-500 / 1 per 25 for first 100 then 1/50 after (ex. 200 total = 6 ada spaces)

Total 501-1000 / 2% of total

Total 1001+ / 20 plus 1 for each 100

Front 14

Percentage of slope can be calculate by the following formula:

Back 14

G = (D/L) x 100

D = vertical rise

L = horizontal distance

G = gradient

Front 15

Pedestrian Orientation:

Back 15

landmark features and visual cues can suggest purpose and expected behavior to the pedestrians using the system. These may include walk way width, walk way form, paving material

Front 16

Min stairway widths (public and private)

Back 16

public: 5 feet

private: 42 inches

Front 17

Tread/Riser Calculation Formula

Back 17

2R + T = 26-27in

R = riser

T = tread

*at least 2 steps, but prefereably 3 should be specified (single steps are very dangerous)

*riser = 4.5 - 6 inches, max 7 inches

Front 18

Bikeways

Back 18

bike path - 8-12 feet (ideal; dedicated ROW)

bike lane - 5-6 feet (part of road, separated by markings/textures)

wide outside lane - 14 feet (undesireable, common)

shared raodway - 5-6 feet (common, highest potential for conflicts)

Front 19

Classification of Vehicular Circulation Systems

Back 19

1. Freeway Systems

2. Major Arterial Systems

3. Collector Street Systems

4. Local Street Systems

Front 20

Irrigaion System Components

Back 20

source > meter > backflow > valve > pipe > head

Front 21

Mesic Soil

Back 21

moist, adequate soil moisture retention year-round.

Front 22

Xeric Soil

Back 22

Dry and drought resistant, little moister retention, excessively drained

Front 23

Hygric Soil

Back 23

Water removed slowly enough to keep soil wet for most of growing season; permanent seepage

Front 24

Hydric Soil

Back 24

wet; plants periodically or often inundated by water.

Front 25

Cluster Development

Back 25

Allow the same number of units on a tract but group the units into clusters of greater density, thereby preserving more open space

Front 26

Elements of better residential site design

Back 26

- Narrower, shorter streets

- Smaller lots w/ less restrictive setbacks and lot requirements

- Increase allowable lot coverage

- Use effective stream buffers

- Increase infiltration of stormwater

- use grass lined swales instead of pipes/paved

Front 27

CPTED stands for:
(from Site Planning & Deisgn Handbook)

Back 27

Crime prevention through environmental design

Front 28

3 aspects of defensible space design

Back 28

terriroty (distinct spaces), access (control), and surveillance (seeing/being seen)

Front 29

Minimum site triangle

Back 29

50 feet

Front 30

parking space dimensions

Back 30

8-10 foot width

18-20' length

Front 31

Point sources (of pollution)

Back 31

industrial or municipal waste sources where the source and the owner can be identified

Front 32

Nonpoint sources (of pollution)

Back 32

ubiquitous and not easily identifiable sources

Front 33

Typical Grading Standards:

Back 33

Front 34

Principles of sediment control:

Back 34

Front 35

Integraded design process:

Back 35

An interactive process of research and analysis, communication and design exploration that collectively occurs between all team members throughout all phases of the project

Front 36

Program refinement - items to be documented:

Back 36

site issues, project goals, performance targets, client interview

Front 37

Categories of participation:

(from Planning and Urban Design Standards, Participation chapter)

Back 37

Awareness - the discovering of the realities of a given situation

Perception - going form awareness of the sitution to understanding its physical, social, cultural ane economic ramifications

Decision Making - working form awareness and perception to a plan for the situation

Implementation -

Front 38

___, ___, and ___ are the 3 fundamental principles of composition as it relates to the design of landscapes.

Back 38

Balance, unity, and emphasis

Front 39

Program refinement - items to be documented:

Back 39

site issues, project goals, performance targets, client interview

Front 40

4 stakeholder classifications:

Back 40

people who are representative of a certain sector of society;

individuals who represented organized interest (ex. = HOA);

individuals who represent government organizations (city departments/agencies);

elected officials (accountable to public)

Front 41

Benefits of community participation:

Back 41

cost effective; expediting the process; improves the product and outcome

(Time Saver Standards)

Front 42

Site selection guidelines:

Back 42

reduce consumption; eliminate waste; nurture healthy ecosystems; connect with nature

(Sustainable Site Handbook, Ch. 2)

Front 43

framework plan elements:

(Sustainable Sites Handbook, Ch. 2)

Back 43

Land Use

Open Space

Landscape

Transportation + Circulation

Architecture

Housing

Sustainability

Front 44

Urban Design Plan:

Back 44

focuses on the design of the public realm (created by public spaces and buildings that define them); includes investment strategies and a vision; often includes Implementation and Phasing Plan

Front 45

Land Use Plan / Master Plan:

Back 45

seeks to order and regulate land use in an efficient and ethical way, thus preventing land-use conflicts; shows the general distribuiton, location, and characteristics of current and future land uses and urban form

Front 46

Neighborhood Plan:

Back 46

intended to provide more detailed goals, policies, and guidelines than those in a local "comprehensive plan." They propose a program of implementation shorter than other plans.

Front 47

Transportation Plan:

Back 47

vary widelin in approach, content and scope; generally 4 types: Statewide, Metropolitan; Local; Corridor

Front 48

Parks and Open Space Plan:

Back 48

outlines a systemic approach to providing parks and rec services to a community. Communities need to plan for open spaces that provide a multitude of services before development occurs.

Front 49

Environmental Resources Planning:

Back 49

env. resource management is the management of the interaction and impact of human societies on the environment. It is not the management of the environment itself.

Front 50

TOD Design:

Back 50

Transit Oriented Development: shall be organized around walkability, with mixed uses concentrated within a quarter mile or a comfortable 5-10 min. walk from a transit station

Front 51

TOD Zones

Back 51

Zone A - transit hub - 1/8 mile walking distance

Zone B - primary area - 1/4 mile walkind distance

Zone C - Secondary area - max 20 mins walking

Front 52

Ramped curb cut at crosswalks:

Back 52

can be 1:8 (12%) slope if running distance is less or equal to 3'

Front 53

Misc. Ramp Requirements:

Back 53

Ramps rising more than 6" requires railing

Ramps longer than 72" requires railing

Railing required on both sides of ramp - extend 12" on top and bottom; ends rounded and returned