Lare Section 2 - 2015 Ck

Front 1

Process by which substances in gaseous, liquid or solid form dissolve or mix with other substances.

Back 1

Absorption

Front 2

Loss of water by infiltration from a canal, reservoir or other body of water or from a field during the process of initial filling.

Back 2

Absorption loss

Front 3

Geological formation of storing and yielding significant quantities of water. It is usually composed of sand, gravel, or permeable rock which lies upon a layer of clay or other impermeable material.

Back 3

Aquifer

Front 4

Recharge at a rate greater than natural, resulting from deliberate or incidental human activities.

Back 4

Aquifer recharge

Front 5

That part of the stream discharge that is not attributable to direct runoff from precipitation or melting snow; it is usually sustained by ground-water discharge.

Back 5

Base flow

Front 6

The movement of water in the interstices of a porous medium to to capillary forces.

Back 6

Capillary action

Front 7

An undesirable substance not normally present or an unusually high concentration of a naturally occurring substance in water or soil.

Back 7

Contaminant

Front 8

The process whereby heat is carried along with the flowing ground water.

Back 8

Convection

Front 9

An empirical law which states that the velocity of flow through porous medium is directly proportional to the hydraulic gradient assuming that the flow is laminar and inertia can be neglected.

Back 9

Darcy's Law

Front 10

An area in which ground water is discharged to the land surface, surface water, or atmosphere.

Back 10

Discharge area

Front 11

Process by which ionic or molecular constituents move under the influence of their kinetic activity in the direction of their concentration gradient.

Back 11

Diffusion

Front 12

A well installed to drain surface water, storm water, or treated waste water into underground strata.

Back 12

Drainage well

Front 13

The vertical distance the water elevation is lowered or the reduction of the pressure head due to the removal of water.

Back 13

Drawdown

Front 14

The removal and suspension of soil into runoff from its normal position by faster water velocity.

Back 14

Erosion

Front 15

The combined water loss from a given area by evaporation from the land and transpiration from plants.

Back 15

Evapotranspiration

Front 16

Water that contains less than 1,000 mg per liter of dissolved solids; generally more than 500mg/L is undesirable for drinking and many industrial uses.

Back 16

Fresh water

Front 17

A stream or reach of a stream whose flow is being increased by inflow of ground water.

Back 17

Gaining stream

Front 18

Subsurface water that fills available openings in rock or soil materials to the extent that they are considered saturated.

Back 18

Ground water

Front 19

The process of addition to the saturated zone or the volume of water added by this process.

Back 19

Ground water recharge

Front 20

A characteristic of some geologic material that limits its ability to transmit significant quantities of water under the head differences ordinarily found in the subsurface.

Back 20

Impermeable

Front 21

A liquid that has percolated through soil, rock or waste and has extracted dissolved or suspended materials.

Back 21

Leachate

Front 22

The removal of materials in solution from soil, rock, or waste.

Back 22

Leaching

Front 23

A stream or reach of a stream in which water flows from the stream bed into the ground.

Back 23

Losing stream

Front 24

A device for measuring percolation and leaching losses from a column of soil under controlled conditions.

Back 24

Lysimeter

Front 25

The solid framework of a porous system.

Back 25

Matrix

Front 26

Said of two or more liquids that are mutually soluable

Back 26

Miscible

Front 27

Source originating over broad areas, such as areas of fertilizer and pesticide application and leaking sewer systems, rather than from discrete points.

Back 27

Nonpoint source

Front 28

The movement of particulates in subsurface water.

Back 28

Particulate transport

Front 29

Ground water separated from an underlying body of ground water by an unsaturated zone.

Back 29

Perched ground water

Front 30

The downward movement of water through the unsaturated zone.

Back 30

Percolation

Front 31

The property of a porous medium to transmit fluids under a hydraulic gradient.

Back 31

Permeability

Front 32

Any discernible, confined and discrete conveyance, including but not limited to any pipe, ditch, channel, conduit, well, from which pollutants are or may be discharged,

Back 32

Point source

Front 33

The total space not occupied by solid soil or rock particles.

Back 33

Pore space

Front 34

The pressure exerted by the weight of water at any given point in a body of water at rest.

Back 34

Hydrostatic pressure

Front 35

That part of the earth's crust beneath the regional water table in which all voids, large and small, are filled with water under pressure greater than atmospheric

Back 35

Saturated zone

Front 36

To move slowly through small openings of a porous material.

Back 36

Seep

Front 37

A homogeneous mixture of two or more components.

Back 37

Solution

Front 38

A device used to measure the moisture tension in the unsaturated zone.

Back 38

Tensiometer

Front 39

An aquifer which has a water table.

Back 39

Unconfined aquifer

Front 40

The movement of water in a porous medium in which the pore spaces are not filled to capacity with water.

Back 40

Unsaturated flow

Front 41

The zone between the land surface and the water table.

Back 41

Unsaturated zone

Front 42

Process by which saline water underlying fresh water in an aquifer rises upward into the fresh water zone as a result of pumping water from the fresh water zone.

Back 42

Upconing

Front 43

Upper surface of a zone of saturation, where the body of ground water is not confined by an overlying impermeable zone.

Back 43

Water table

Front 44

A bored, drilled or driven shaft, or a dug hole, whose depth is greater than the largest surface dimension.

Back 44

Well

Front 45

Global process of the earth's water movement, energy supplied by the sun and earth's gravity.

Back 45

Hydrologic cycle

Front 46

Flood Protection:
Major flooding mitigators: what do they accommodate and what are they?

Back 46

25, 50, 100 year storm events. They are major systems that may or may not be designed. Are used when minor flood system is over capacity.

Front 47

Minor flooding mitigators: what do they accommodate and what are they?

Back 47

2, 5, 10 year storm events. They are storm sewers, roadside or backyard swales

Front 48

In the USA, which government organization requires flood insurance studies of any areas that are part of a major system? They also designate flood hazard areas and these are for review at county and municipal offices.

Back 48

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

Front 49

A regulatory effort made to mitigate pollution to inland surface waters from non-point source pollution.

Back 49

Clean Water Act (2006) by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Front 50

Which government agency model aids in selection of storage and treatment facilities to abate pollution and reduce the quantity of urban stormwater runoff and land surface erosion? What are the 7 parameters they employ?

Back 50

US Army Corps of Engineers Stormwater Management Model (STORM)
- precipitation
- pollution accumulation
- erosion
- runoff quantity and quality
- treatment
- storage
- overflows

Front 51

Which government agency is an open source, comprehensive model for continuous and single-event simulation of runoff quantity and quality? What can it model?

Back 51

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Stormwater Management Model (SWMM)
- dynamic storms
- snowmelt
- pollution build up
- wash-off and transport
- infiltration ad inflow
- dynamic routing
- storage ponds, etc.

Front 52

Buffers adjacent to stream systems and coastal areas provide numerous environmental protection and resource management benefits which can include:

Back 52

- restoring and maintaining chemical, physical and biological integrity of the water resources
- removing pollutants delivered in urban stormwater
- reducing erosion and controlling sedimentation
- stabilizing stream banks
- maintaining base flow of streams
- providing infiltration of stormwater runoff
- contributing organic matter
- providing a tree canopy to shade streams and promote desirable aquatic organisms
- providing riparian wildlife habitat
- recreation opportunites

Front 53

Comprehensive strategies that establish broad water management goals and targets for an entire catchment.

Back 53

Watershed Management Plans

Front 54

Set out the objectives and policies at which municipalities use to guide development.

Back 54

Official Plans

Front 55

Address the requirements for stormwater management on a sub-basin level.

Back 55

Sub-watershed Plans

Front 56

Voluntary agreements that allow an individual to set aside private property to limit the type or amount of development on their property.

Back 56

Conservation easement

Front 57

Initial stages of design. Determines purpose and objective of proposed construction, and primary activities for which the project is being constructed.

Back 57

Planning

Front 58

Produces a list of solutions, alternatives, feasibility studies and cost estimates.

Back 58

Preliminary programming

Front 59

First plans of a facility Shows interrelationship between spaces and activities.

Back 59

Schematic plans

Front 60

Provide a graphic view of the project, the refined details of how the project will look, and the relationship of all the spaces.

Back 60

Preliminary plans
(followed by preparation of contract bid documents and working drawings)

Front 61

Survey made for the purpose of supplying a title company and lender with survey and location data necessary for issuing of title and/or mortgage insurance.

Back 61

Title Insurance Coverage Survey
(determines prop lines, locations of improvements, identifying all easements, utilities and other conditions affecting the property)

Front 62

Survey conducted to locate and/or investigate surface/subsurface archaeological ruins.

Back 62

Archaeological Survey

Front 63

Survey which establishes the true property corners and property lines of a parcel of land. Typically performed to obtain building permits, to resolve property disputes and to locate easement lines.

Back 63

Boundary Survey

Front 64

Original survey, resurvey, or retracement of public lands within the Public Land Survey System of the United States for restoration of property lines.

Back 64

Cadastral Survey

Front 65

Survey measurements made prior to or while construction is in progress to control elevation, horizontal position, dimensions, and configuration for buildings, fences, roads, etc. Surveyor sets stakes for the proper location, elevation and relative placement of most types of infrastructure improvements. Expressed in Eastings and Northings.

Back 65

Construction Survey

Front 66

Survey which provides precise locations of horizontal and vertical positions of points for use in boundary determination, mapping for aerial photographs, construction staking, or other needs.

Back 66

Control Survey

Front 67

Survey which determines the elevation of various sections of a building or land. Typically used to aid in building plans to determine if a property is in a flood zone.

Back 67

Elevation or Floodplain Survey

Front 68

Survey which takes into account the curvature of the earth and astronomic observations. Uses a coordinate system for locating points on the earth. Used on large scale planning projects.

Back 68

Geodetic Survey

Front 69

A system of numerous earth-orbiting satellites that can be used to determine the location (lat, long, and elevation), of a receiver or station on the earth within about 2m.

Back 69

Global Positioning System (GPS)

Front 70

A survey of landed property establishing or re-establishing lengths and directions of boundary lines.

Back 70

Land Survey

Front 71

Minor adjustment of a boundary line in order to transfer land between adjacent property owners.

Back 71

Lot Line Adjustment (Boundary Line Adjustment)

Front 72

Survey needed for the division of an existing parcel of land into two or more parcels. Includes a plat of the new parcels and a legal description to record the split.

Back 72

Lot Split Survey

Front 73

A survey that combines boundary and topographic surveys for preparation of a site plan to be used for designing improvements or developments, and obtaining government building permits.

Back 73

Lot Survey (Site Plan Survey, Plot Plan Survey)

Front 74

A time-honored land surveying method of describing land in terms of shape and boundary dimensions. Used on small to medium landscape architecture projects.

Back 74

Metes and bounds

Front 75

A survey in which the curvature of the earth is usually neglected. The computations of relative positions of stations being made by plane geometry and plane trigonometry. Used to develop cadastral maps.

Back 75

Plane Survey

Front 76

Survey which obtains measurements for quantities, usually in conjunction with a construction process, earthwork, etc.

Back 76

Quantity Survey

Front 77

Survey performed to physically locate structures and improvements on a parcel of land, generally for mortgage purposes. Does not always include boundary monumentation.

Back 77

Record or As-Built Survey

Front 78

A survey of "registered" (Torrens-title) land, usually done to shorten lengthy legal descriptions, or divide larger parcels of "Torrens-title" land into smaller tracts.

Back 78

Registered Land Survey (R.L.S.)

Front 79

Reconnaissance, preliminary survey and location survey for an alignment or linear type feature such as a road, railroad, canal, pipeline.

Back 79

Route Survey

Front 80

Subdivision of a tract of land into smaller parcels, showing monumentation and mathematical survey data on a map, conforming to local government ordinances.

Back 80

Subdivision Survey (Subdivision Plat)

Front 81

Survey which locates natural and man made features such as buildings, improvements, fences, elevations, land contours, trees, streams, etc. May be required by a government agency or used by engineers and/or architects for the design of improvement or developments on a site.

Back 81

Topographic Survey

Front 82

UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) map types w/ corresponding scales (3).

Back 82

- 7.5 minute quadrangle maps (1:24,000 + 1:25,000)
- 15 minute quadrangle maps (1:50,000 + 1:62,500)
- Standard edition (1:63.360)

Front 83

What is shown on all quadrangle maps prepared by the US Geological Survey (USGS)

Shown at intervals of 1,000 meters.

Back 83

UTM Grid

Front 84

Spacing (in real scale) of Tick Marks on a UTM map.

Back 84

1 km

Front 85

Located at the bottom of the Topography Map, showing the different angles between True North and Magnetic North.

Back 85

Declination Chart

Front 86

Directional line between any position on earth, to the True North Pole (usually symbolized by an arrow with a star on a map).

Back 86

True North

Front 87

Direction to the Magnetic North Pole (actually the southern pole of the earth's central magnet, as is shown by the north seeking needle of a compass - usually symbolized by half an arrowhead on a map).

Back 87

Magnetic North

Front 88

North that was established by the vertical grid lines during the map making process (usually symbolized by the letters GN or Y).

Back 88

Grid North

Front 89

Indicated by closely spaced contour lines.

Back 89

Cliffs

Front 90

Indicated by circular contour with lines radiating to the center.

Back 90

Depressions

Front 91

Less closely spaced contours.

Back 91

Gentle slope

Front 92

Contour lines form a V-shaped pointing down hill.

Back 92

Ridges

Front 93

Closely spaced contours.

Back 93

Steep slopes.

Front 94

Contour lines form circles.

Back 94

Summit (high points)

Front 95

Contours lines form a V-shape pointing up the hill, these V's are always an indication of a drainage path which could also be a stream or river.

Back 95

Valleys

Front 96

North/South or East/West bearings to the highest spots in an area but not necessarily true longitude of latitude lines. Ex: mountain peaks, city capitol bldgs.

Back 96

Base lines (BL)

Front 97

What is a Bench Mark (BM)?

Back 97

A permanent fixture. Is a small 6x6 inch concrete pillar with a brass USGS disk marker called a tablet. They are physically places in the ground, usually at mountain summits, but also in the flat areas around a city and contain the exact elevation above sea level, and the latitude and longitude of the marker. They can be vertical and/or horizontal controls and used to determine the exact placement of buildings, bridges and other designs.

Front 98

Usually appear only on maps along roads, near sea level, and in deserts where the contour lines are naturally widely spaced. How are they marked?

Back 98

Horizontal controls
- Marked on the map with a 'Triangle with elevation' or 'BM Triangle with elevation'

Front 99

Area measurements which are public records used to record the value, extent, and ownership of land, as a basis for taxation.

Back 99

Public Land Survey (USPLS)

Front 100

Shown on topo maps as very light red lines and numbers (3).

Back 100

- Quadrangle markings
- Cadastral Coordinates
- Legal Descriptions

Front 101

Vertical row of townships, numbered East and West from a BL (Base line).

Back 101

Range

Front 102

contains 640 acres, 1 square mile; 36 per township, and they are numbered by snaking from row to row, starting in the NE or SE corner

Back 102

Section of Land

Front 103

Squares in groups of 36 blocks which are repeated over and over again across the face of the map.

Back 103

Township
- each area of 6x6 'Sections of Land' is equal to 36 square miles (640 acres).
- numbered 1-36 beginning in the top right corner (snake pattern down the section)

Front 104

Show the height above average sea level. Can be found anywhere, in walls, gate posts, sides of buildings/trees...

Back 104

Vertical controls

Front 105

1 Acre in square feet.

Back 105

1 Acre = 43,560 Square feet = 160 square rods

Front 106

Creates tax roll annually by identifying, locating, and valuing all property subject to ad valorem taxes in a County.

Back 106

Assessor's office

Front 107

The rotation angle of the telescope around a vertical axis, measured (counterclockwise from above) from due north.

Back 107

Azimuth angle

Front 108

The angle the telescope i lifted above the horizontal plane.

Back 108

Elevation angle

Front 109

Process by which the surveyor checks for accuracy during the process of leveling once the equipment is set up and ready (ex: manhole cover).

Back 109

Backsighting

Front 110

Unit of length equal to 66' which is used especially in the U.S. public land surveys.

Back 110

Chain/Chaining (surveying tapes) 10 square chains equal 1 acre

Front 111

Process the surveyor uses to determine a new point and elevation when looking through the instrument.

Back 111

Foresighting

Front 112

The surveying process of determining the difference in elevation between two or more points by measuring the vertical distance between two points. Typically used to determine the topography of a site.

Back 112

Leveling

Front 113

A 'line' on the earth's surface which follows the shortest distance from pole to pole.

Back 113

Meridian

Front 114

5,280 feet = 1760 yards = 80 chains

Back 114

1 mile

Front 115

A recorded map representing a piece of land subdivided into lots and blocks. Upon recording, and if complete, may transfer title to roads, streets, alleys, etc.

Back 115

Plat

Front 116

A map of land ownership parcels for an area.

Back 116

Plat map

Front 117

The origination and destination of a Metes +Bounds legal description

Back 117

Point of Beginning

Front 118

Longitudinal starting line from which range is measured to the East and West.

Back 118

Principle Meridian

Front 119

A map with a roughly rectangular extent, defined by the four angles of its corners, which are often regularly spaced on a latitude and longitude. Often simply refers to a 7.5 min map.

Back 119

Quadrangle map

Front 120

A 160 acre block of land.

Back 120

Quarter section

Front 121

A graduated staff used in determining the difference in elevation between two points.

Back 121

Rod

Front 122

The physical features of a tract of land.

Back 122

Terrain

Front 123

The relief, elevation or shape of the earth in a given area.

Back 123

Topography

Front 124

A series of consecutive line segments whose lengths and direction are determine by field measurements.

Back 124

Traverse

Front 125

The removal or elimination of a problem, nuisance, or other disturbance especially of public health or safety significance.

Back 125

Abatement

Front 126

A street that generally has two or more lanes, traffic signals, may be designated a truck or bus route, and is intended to serve traffic moving through an area.

Back 126

Arterial street

Front 127

Principal street within the network for the provision of both intercity and intracity traffic movement

Back 127

Major arterial

Front 128

Secondary street within the network for the purpose of traffic movement between the neighbourhoods and other area within the city.

Back 128

Minor arterial

Front 129

Areas determined by local government and state and regional agencies which allow for the adoption of land development regulations, density requirements, and special permitting requirements by these entities.

Back 129

Area of state critical concern

Front 130

EPA has delegated authority for implementing the Areas of Concern program to the states, including developing...... (3) points

Back 130

- Remedial Action Plans
- Coordinating w/ local public advisory councils
- Implementing cleanup activities

Front 131

Local regulations that control design, construction, and materials used in construction. Based on health and safety standards.

Back 131

Building codes

Front 132

An authorization issued by a government agency allowing construction of a project according to approved plans and specs.

Back 132

Building (construction) permit

Front 133

The bulk and concentration of physical development of uses permitted in a district. What are (5) examples of this?

Back 133

Building Intensity Standards
- Lot Coverage (LC)
- Floor Area Ratio (FAR)
- Open Space Ratio (OSR)
- Height, Landscape Volume Ratio (LVR)
- Building Volume Ratio (BVR)

Front 134

Area of land which is set aside to provide transition between different land uses and to eliminate or reduce the adverse environmental impact, and incompatible land use impacts. Serves as a protective barrier.

Back 134

Buffer

Front 135

Any structure or component erected as a permanent improvement to real property that adds to its value and useful life.

Back 135

Capital Improvement

Front 136

Long range multi-year plan of capital improvement projects that are used i the development of annual operating and capital budgets, strategic plans, and long range financial plans. Means to evaluate facility and infrastructure projects. Provides expansion services such as street, sewer, and water...etc.

Back 136

Capital Improvements Program (CIP)

Front 137

A series of narrowings or curb extensions, used at midblock locations only, that alternate from one side of the street to the other, forming S-shaped curves; a traffic calming technique

Back 137

Chicane

Front 138

A pattern of development in which industrial and commercial facilities, and homes are grouped together on parcels of land in order to leave parts of the land undeveloped.

Back 138

Cluster Development

Front 139

Streets that connect residential and local streets and neihbourhoods connector streets through or adjacent to more than one neighbourhood and have continuity between arterial streets.

Back 139

Collector street

Front 140

An official statement of a governing body which sets forth major policies concerning the desired future land use and physical development of an area. Describes long term direction and vision for growth development. What do topic areas typically include? (8)

Back 140

Comprehensive/Master plan
- land use
- economic development
- community character
- natural resources
- parks and rec
- transportation
- housing
- historic preservation

Front 141

A written agreement between two or more parties in which a party or parties pledge to perform or not perform specified acts with regard to property; usually found in such real estate documents as deeds, mortgages, leases and contracts for deeds.

Back 141

Covenant

Front 142

An agreement included in a deed to real property that the buyer (grantee) will be limited as to the future use of the property (ex. fence building).

Back 142

Restrictive covenant

Front 143

A written instrument used to transfer title to property, such as a deed.

Back 143

Conveyance

Front 144

Legal document that conveys title to real property to a 3rd party.The 3rd party holds title until the owner has repaid the debt in full.

Back 144

Deed of trust

Front 145

Transfers to the grantee any and all of the legal rights the grantor has in the parcel of real property. Ex. misspelled name on earlier transfer of the property.

Back 145

Quit Claim Deed

Front 146

Statistical study of the characteristics of human populations, such as size, growth, density, distribution, and vital statistics as well as how populations change over time due to births, deaths,etc.

Back 146

Demograhy

Front 147

Public document used by a government agency to analyze the significant environmental effects of a proposed project, to identify alternatives and to disclose possible ways to reduce or avoid environmental damage.

Back 147

Environmental Impact Report (EIR)

Front 148

A legal right or permission, giving a person or entity limited use of another's property.

Back 148

Easement

Front 149

The boundary of a property which abuts an existing or dedicated public right-pf-way, water body or similar barrier.

Back 149

Frontage

Front 150

A corridor composed of natural vegetation w/ specific measure designed to mitigate fire, flood and erosion hazard, land use planning, and development.

Back 150

Greenbelt/Greenway

Front 151

Current law requires that Sixteenth Section Lands be classified into one of nine land classifications. These are:

Back 151

- Forest
- Agri.
- Ind.
- Commercial
- Residential
- Farm Residential
- Recreational
- Catfish Farming
- Other

Front 152

A set of decisions about how the land will be used and ways to achieve the desired use. It includes (4) points.

Back 152

Land-use plan
- Definition of goals
- An ordering of land and human and material resources
- An explicit statement of the methods, organization, responsibilities, and schedule to be used
- Agreed targets

Front 153

A general term for the vertical view corridor that might normally be 3 degrees measure up or down from the height of the viewer's eyes.

Back 153

Line of sight

Front 154

Provides access to residences and businesses within neighbourhood.

Back 154

Local/residential street

Front 155

Development that is created in response to patterns of separate uses that is typical in suburban areas necessitating reliance on cars.

Back 155

Mixed use development

Front 156

A planning option of leaving the situation as it already exists. Existing facilities and services are maintained, and existing transportation policies are continued. Includes any area of land or water essentially unimproved that is designed or reserved for the purposes similar to: (9) points

Back 156

No action/No build policy
-Open Space
- Preservation of natural resources
- Managed production of resources
- Outdoor rec
- Protection of public health and safety
- Farming
- Protection of scenic views and features
- Environmental protection
- Visual beauty
-Educational opportunities

Front 157

The proportion of a site that is required to remains as open space.

Back 157

Open Space Ratio (OSR)

Front 158

Formal legislative enactment by the government body of a governing body. Must not be in conflict with any higher form of law to have the full force and effect of law within the boundaries to which it applies.

Back 158

Ordinance

Front 159

Typical ordinance regulations: (7) points

Back 159

- Prevent sediment damage to the storm drain system
- Control storm water discharges to minimize downstream erosion
- Minimize soil exposure
- Establish permanent vegetation
- Stabilize waterways and outlets
- Protect storm water inlets
- Install/maintain ESC facilities and practices

Front 160

A project or subdivision that consists of common property and improvements that are owned and maintained by an owner's association for the benefit and use of the individual units within the project.

Back 160

Planned Unit Development (PUD/Cluster Housing)

Front 161

The right of the government to enforce laws for public welfare, including such things as building codes, zoning, etc.

Back 161

Police powers

Front 162

Determines how an area is being used and developed and how such use may project into future uses.

Back 162

Regional land use

Front 163

Publicly owned space for current or future facilities such as highways, streets, or trails, and above and below-ground utilities.

Back 163

ROW - Right of Way

Front 164

Dedicated to public use on a subdivision plat. Must be constructed under permit issued by the governing body and comply with the provisions of these regulations during construction in order to be accepted for maintenance.

Back 164

New Roadway RIght of Way

Front 165

Area of real property in which the governing body has a dedicated or acquired right-of-way interest in the real property.Alleys, parkways, blvrds, etc.

Back 165

Public Right of Way

Front 166

Minimum horizontal distance required between any lot line or right-of-way and the nearest point of a building, structure or improvement located or to be located on the lot.

Back 166

Setback

Front 167

Procedures, requirements, and provisions governing the subdivision of land that is specifies in formal rules and regulations.

Back 167

Subdivision rules and regulations.

Front 168

Allows property owners to sell the development rights to their property while retaining ownership of the land itself. Often used to preserve open space located within a large site proposed for residential development.

Back 168

Transfer of development rights

Front 169

Means a modification or waiving of the provisions of code as applied to a specific property.

Back 169

Variance

Front 170

Legislative process that classes land in a community into different areas and districts. Regulates building dimensions, density, design, placement.

Back 170

Zoning

Front 171

Federal agency (U.S.) that includes the National Park Service or the Bureau of Land Management. This agency employs more LA's than any other.

Back 171

Department of the Interior

Front 172

Federal (U.S.) regulatory agency responsible for administering and enforcing federal environmental laws, including the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Endangered Species Act, and others.

Back 172

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Front 173

Provides quality, responsive engineering services to the nation including planning, designing, building and operating water resources and other civil works projects (Navigation, Flood Control, Environmental Protection, Disaster Response).

Back 173

Army Corps of Engineers

Front 174

Agency responsible for administering the National Flood Insurance Program.

Back 174

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

Front 175

Provides for wildlife conservation. Allows for survey and investigations of wildlife to be conducted in the public domain.

Back 175

Fish and Wildlife Service

Front 176

Primary federal law in the United States governing water pollution. Makes it illegal to discharge any toxic or non-toxic pollution without a permit.

Back 176

Federal Water Pollution Act of 1972 (FWPCA) (Clean Water Act)

Front 177

A 1977 amendment to the Federal Water Pollution Act. Emphasizes the control of toxic pollutants. Established a program to transfer the responsibility of Federal clean water programs to the individual states.

Back 177

Clean Water Act

Front 178

Permitting system of the Clean Water Act that controls water pollution by regulating point, and nonpoint sources that discharge pollutants into the waters of the U.S.

Back 178

National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)

Front 179

Governs how animal and plant species whose populations are dangerously in decline or close to extinction will be protected and recovered.

Back 179

Endangered species Act

Front 180

Enacted to ensure the integration of natural and social sciences and environmental design in planning and decision making for federal projects or projects on federal lands.

Back 180

National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)

Front 181

Regulates the treatment of water for human consumption. Requires testing for and elimination of contaminants for the protection of human health.

Back 181

Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

Front 182

Authorizes states and local agencies to carry out works of improvement for soil conservation and for other purposes including flood prevention; conservation, development, utilization and disposal of water; and conservation and proper utilization of land.

Back 182

Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (Pl 83-566)

Front 183

Amendment to the federal Safe Drinking Water Act in 1986. Minimizes the potential for contamination of public ground water supplies.

Back 183

Wellhead Protection Program

Front 184

State, regional or local?

Adopts laws that establish policy and regulatory frameworks for the governmental guidance of development and conservation

Back 184

State

Front 185

State, regional or local?

Subject to state rules for special district (like local water district)

Back 185

Regional

Front 186

State, regional or local?

Control own planning and decision making.

Back 186

Local

Front 187

State, regional or local?

Required to plan and coordinate local plans.

Back 187

Regional

Front 188

State, regional or local?

May apply sanctions.

Back 188

Regional

Front 189

State, regional or local?

Allow for transfer of development rights.

Back 189

Local

Front 190

State, regional or local?

Include police power to enforce land use plans and zoning.

Back 190

Local

Front 191

State, regional or local?

Authorize local to control the location and nature of development (generally).

Back 191

State

Front 192

Divides a city into areas according to use.
Used to control growth and population densities.

Back 192

Zoning map

Front 193

Used to show structures, topography, water and roadways.

Back 193

Quandrangle map

Front 194

Used to locate buildings and land in order to determine their value

Back 194

Assessor's map

Front 195

Used to show how a city may be developed over a long period of time.
Allows for an area to be rezoned.

Back 195

City master plan map

Front 196

Site selection as it pertains to SLOPE

Back 196

- Provide the best views and offer advantages in water and air drainage.
- Steep slopes (over 8%) require excessive digging and may be difficult to get around on during building.

Front 197

Site selection as it pertains to ASPECT

Back 197

- Direction a sloped site faces affects ground temp.
- South-facing slopes tend to collect more heat in the winter, which contributes to energy savings.

Front 198

Site selection as it pertains to DRAINAGE

Back 198

- Avoid marshy areas, flood plains, and depressions
- Stay away from seasonal creeks and gullies where surface water may flow only during part of the year
- Determine where the water would flow
- Put the building on a slope so that you can create artificial drainage if site has poorly drained clay soil and a rainy climate.

Front 199

Site selection as it pertains to SUBSURFACE GEOLOGY

Back 199

- How far to bedrock
- How much topsoil is there
- What kinds of amendments the soil needs for building with
- Whether the site is seismically stable

Front 200

Site selection as it pertains to MICROCLIMATE

Back 200

- Solar Access (unobstructed view from southeast to southwest provide best sites for passive solar heating)
- Shade (tall trees on southwest and west of site)
- Prevailing wind direction (regional norms)
- Air Drainage (air cools off and condenses wherever it is expose to the sky, flowing downhill. If air is blocked by a rise in grade, etc air stays trapped here and forms frost. Ensure buildings are positioned so air can drain away and where early morning winter sun will warm them up sooner.

Front 201

Building Placement Characteristics (5 points)

Back 201

- Minimize storm water runoff
- Minimize habitat disturbance
- Protect open space
- Reduce the risk of erosion
- Save energy by providing for passive solar, natural ventilation, and daylighting

Front 202

Subdivision Plat (5 aspects portrayed)

Back 202

- Safe street intersections
- Sewer lines
- Storm water detention or retention facilities
- Traffic calming methods are used to move traffice through residential hoods.
- Sites dedicated or reserved for parks, or for other public facilities such as schools

Front 203

Allows units to be clustered on a usable part of a site to avoid unbuildable sensitive portions of the site, like wetlands, streams, and their buffers.

Back 203

Cluster housing

Front 204

Grouping of small, single family dwelling units clustered around a common area and developed with a coherent plan for the entire site.

Back 204

Cottage housing

Front 205

Small-scale map showing the general location of the project with respect to nearby features such as water bodies, structures, roads, and utilities.

Back 205

Site Location Map

Front 206

Records existing topo contours, drainage, general vegetative cover types, streams, ponds, wetlands, riparian buffers, utilities, and accurate property lines, etc.

Back 206

Site Topographic Map

Front 207

Soil Types:
loam and sandy loam textures.

Back 207

Loamy soils

Front 208

Soil Types:
clay, clay loam, silty clay loam, or sandy clay loam

Back 208

Clayey soils

Front 209

Soil Types:
silt and silt loam texture

Back 209

Silty soils

Front 210

4 factors of erodabilities:

Back 210

- soil texture
- organic matter content
- soil structure
- permeability (rate of water moving through the soil)

Front 211

4 potential causes of erosion:

Back 211

- nearby waterways or bodies of water
- highly or moderately erodable soils
- slopes with hih or medium erosion potential
- absence of well-vegetates areas
- duration of exposure
- slopes (over 16% i high = erosion potential)

Front 212

4 classifications of vegetation:

Back 212

- softwood (evergreen)
- mixed softwood and hardwood
- hardwood
- old field, pasture, etc.

Front 213

Soil is made up of these 3 things:

Back 213

Solids, liquids, and gases.

Front 214

Properties of cohesive soils:

Back 214

- Includes clay (ranges from .00004" - .002") which is used in embankment fills and retaining pond beds.
- Includes silt (ranges from .0002" - .003")
- Plastic when wet
- Can be molded, but become very hard when dry.
- Usually require a force such as impact or pressure

Front 215

Properties of granular soils:

Back 215

- Range in particle size (.003" - .08" sand to .08" - 1.0" fine to medium gravel)
- Known for their water-draining properties
- Obtain max density in either a fully dry or saturated site

Front 216

Properties of organic soil:

Back 216

Not suitable for compaction

Front 217

In referring to the soil's response to stress, define the following:

Cemented

Back 217

Hard; little affected by moisture

Front 218

In referring to the soil's response to stress, define the following:

Firm

Back 218

When moist, crushes under moderate pressure between thumb and forefinger, but resistance is distinctly noticeable

Front 219

In referring to the soil's response to stress, define the following:

Friable

Back 219

When moist, crushes easily under gentle pressure between thumb and forefinger and can be pressed together in to a lump

Front 220

In referring to the soil's response to stress, define the following:

Hard

Back 220

When dry, moderately resistant to pressure; can be broken with difficulty between thumb and forefinger

Front 221

In referring to the soil's response to stress, define the following:

Loose

Back 221

Noncoherent when dry or moist, does not hold together in a mass

Front 222

In referring to the soil's response to stress, define the following:

Plastic

Back 222

When wet, readily deformed by moderate pressure but can be pressed into a lump; will form a "wire" when rolled between thumb and forefinger

Front 223

In referring to the soil's response to stress, define the following:

Sticky

Back 223

When wet, adheres to other material and tends to stretch somewhat and pull apart rather than to pull free from other material

Front 224

In referring to the soil's response to stress, define the following:

Soft

Back 224

When dry, breaks into powder or single grains under very slight pressure

Front 225

Hydrolic Soil Groups:
- sand, loamy sand or sandy loam types of soils
- low runoff potential and high infiltration rates even when thoroughly wetted

Back 225

Group A

Front 226

Hydrolic Soil Groups:
- silt loam or loam
- moderate infiltration rate when thoroughly wetted

Back 226

Group B

Front 227

Hydrolic Soil Groups:
- sandy clay loam
- low infiltration rates when thoroughly wetted

Back 227

Group C

Front 228

Hydrolic Soil Groups:
- clay loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay or clay
- highest runoff potential

Back 228

Group D

Front 229

The ability of organisms or tissues to function only with the presence of free oxygen.

Back 229

Aerobic

Front 230

A general term for the sediments laid down in river beds, floodplains, lakes, fans at the foot of the mountain slopes and estuaries during relatively recent geologic times.

Back 230

Alluvial

Front 231

Soil that is devoid of interstitial oxygen. In wetlands this condition most normally occurs because of the sustained presence of water, which limits contact with the atmosphere.

Back 231

Anaerobic soil

Front 232

The angle between the horizontal and the maximum slope that a soil assumes through natural processes.

Back 232

Angle of repose

Front 233

A measure of the load per unit area that a material can withstand before failure.

Back 233

Bearing capacity
- important to consider when determining footing size of buildings

Rock has highest BC

Saturated/Organic Soil has lowest BC

Front 234

Resistance to a crushing or buckling force, the max compressive load a speciment sustains divided by its original cross-sectional area.

Back 234

Compressive strength

Front 235

A type of soil with characteristics resulting from prolonged saturation and chemically reducing conditions such as occurs under anaerobic conditions.

Back 235

Hydric soil

Front 236

The point at which soil acts like a liquid, typically in earthquake conditions

Back 236

Liquefaction

Front 237

Mixture of 2 or more soils.

Back 237

Loam

Front 238

Having properties determined predominantly by mineral matter. Usually contains less than 20% organic matter.

Back 238

Mineral soil

Front 239

Plant and animal residue in the soil at various stages of decomposition. Source of nitrogen and other nutrients for crops.

Back 239

Organic matter

Front 240

Movement of water though a porous substance, as through soils of a spreading basin

Back 240

Percolation

Front 241

The ability of a soil to hold together under pressure from a downhill force

Back 241

Shear Streangth

Front 242

A heavy stone placed around inlets and outlets of pipes or paved channels to provide protection against erosion.

Back 242

Riprap

Front 243

Protects the bank by stabilizing the toe of the slope and by trapping sediment from the sloughing bank.

Back 243

Fibre roll product

Front 244

Moisture content in the soil at the threshold between semi-solid and plastic

Back 244

Plastic limit

Front 245

Moisture content in the soil at the threshold between plastic and liquid

Back 245

Liquid limit

Front 246

Water content, expressed as a percentage of the weight of the oven-dried soil, at which further loss in moisture will not cause decrease in its volume

Back 246

Shrinkage limit

Front 247

Benefits of soil compaction: 5 points

Back 247

- increases load bearing capacity
- prevents soil settlement and frost damage
- provides stability
- reduces water seepage, swelling and contraction
- reduces settling of soil

Front 248

Type of compaction test:
- determines the max density of a soil needed for a specific job site
- tests the effects of moisture on soil density
expresses value as a percentage of density which is determined before any compaction takes place to develop the compaction specs.

Back 248

Proctor Test

Front 249

Type of compaction test:
- requires 4.5x more effort than required by the Standard Compaction method
- required where foundations are to be placed in the soil backfill, and where minimal or no settlement can be tolerated by the structure

Back 249

- Modified Method (Modified Proctor Test)

Front 250

Used to know and control the soil density during compaction

Back 250

Field Test

Front 251

Type of field compaction test:
- pick up handful of soil, squeeze and open.
- if soil is moldable and breaks into only a couple of pieces when dropped, it has the right amount of moisture for proper compaction

Back 251

The Hand Test

Front 252

Type of field compaction test:
- compares density of the soil that was just compacted to the density obtained from the Proctor Test of soil from the same area.

Back 252

Sand Cone Test

Front 253

Type of field compaction test:
- uses a radioactive isotope source at the soil surface (backscatter) from a probe placed into the soil (direct transmission)

Back 253

Nuclear Density

Front 254

A force that tends to compress/crush the surface of the soil

Back 254

Compressive stress (Compressive Strength)

Front 255

The opposite of compressional stress; occurs when one part moves away from another part that does not move

Back 255

Tensional stress

Front 256

The response to stress

Back 256

Strain

Front 257

Point at which a material fails (deformability and firmness of soil). Often plotted as a function of stress by engineers

Back 257

Yield point

Front 258

Budget:
- type of fee that include necessary expenses that occur regularily

Back 258

Fixed

Front 259

Budget:
- type of expenses that vary due to market factors

Back 259

Flexible

Front 260

Estimate based on major systems or items, such as a water feature

Back 260

Preliminary

Front 261

Estimate based on various components of design

Back 261

Detailed

Front 262

Estimate based on detailed items of various components as warranted by the available cost data

Back 262

Architect's

Front 263

- Bond submitted with the bid by the Contractor
- Security to the Owner that the successful bidder will enter into an agreement for the work and not withdraw or nullify its bid after submission.

Back 263

Bid Bond

Front 264

Part of an agreement that provides for one party to bear the monetary costs, either directly or by reimbursement, for losses incurred by a second party.

Back 264

Indemnification

Front 265

Guarantees the Owner that any defects found after the work has been completed will be corrected by the original Contractor or other agent of the surety company.

Back 265

Maintenance Bond

Front 266

Guarantees the Owner that the project will be completed for the contract price in the event the original Contractor fails to perform the work.

Back 266

Performance Bond

Front 267

Guarantees the Owner that all labour, equipment, and materials will be completely paid for in the even the original Contractor fails to perform the work.

Back 267

Payment (or Statutory) Bond

Front 268

Methods of Billing:
- contractor is reimbursed for direct and indirect costs and, in addition, is paid a fee for its services.
- fee is usually stated as a percentage of cost, but may be a fixed amount. The agreement may or may not include a guaranteed max price or a savings split.

Back 268

Cost Plus or Cost Plus Fee Agreement

Front 269

Methods of Billing:
- sets a guaranteed max or ceiling price to the owner for the cost of construction.

Back 269

Guaranteed maximum upset, billed hourly

Front 270

Methods of Billing:
- compensation is based upon a percentage of the construction cost
- cost set by an estimate or a bid

Back 270

Percentage of construction cost

Front 271

Methods of Billing:
- a method based on a portion of the project cost set using the prime consultant's fee amount in some percentage as the sub consultant's fee

Back 271

Percentage of prime consultant fee

Front 272

Methods of Billing:
- a written agreement in which a specific amount is set forth as the total payment for completing the contract

Back 272

Stipulated Sum Agreement

Front 273

Methods of Billing:
- Owner agrees to pay the contractor for a specified amount of money for each unit of work successfully completed as set forth in the contract
- includes all extra costs incidental to the item

Back 273

Unit Price Contract

Front 274

Methods of Billing:
- establishes a purchase amount for miscellaneous items that cannot be specified during the bid stage

Back 274

Cash allowance/force account

Front 275

Methods of Billing:
- payment made to someone for out-of-pocket expenses

Back 275

Reimbursement

Front 276

Typical items not included in project budget: (5 points)

Back 276

- design work
- permits
- specialty items such as utility hook ups, lighting fixtures
- loan fees and any special insurance
- contingency amount

Front 277

A sum of money set aside in the construction contract for items which have not been selected and specified in the construction contract. Best kept to a minimum number and used for items whose choice will not impact earlier stages of construction (ex: tile selection)

Back 277

Allowance

Front 278

Pre-agreed upon schedule of payments to a contractor is usually based upon the amount of work completed

Back 278

Payment schedule

- may include a deposit prior to start of work
- often scheduled for the beginning of the month to allow the contractor to distribute to the subs and suppliers by the 10th of the month
- may also be a temp 'holdout' at the end of the contract for any small items which have not been completed

Front 279

Criteria for withholding a payment: (4 points)

Back 279

- Defective work
- Third part claims
- Evidence that the work:
a. is not verified by payment application information
b. is not completed according to contract docs
c. cannot be completed with the remaining contract sum
d. cannot be completed on time
e. of others is not being paid
- Damage to the owner or another contractor

Front 280

Criteria for payment: (6 points)

Back 280

- Must have certification, a written statement of the correctness and reliability of something
- Must be notarized application for payment
- Must be submitted (usually 10 days) before the date of each payment
- Must include value of work done to the date of application
- Must include the value of any unused purchased materials in acceptable storage
- Must be approved, certified and signed by the owner/designer before payment

Front 281

Survey conducted to locate and/or investigate surface/subsurface archeological ruins

Back 281

Archeological Survey

Front 282

A transit in which a laser is mounted over the sighting telescope to project a clearly visible narrow beam into a small target at a survey site

Back 282

Laser Transmit

Front 283

Diference between one contour line and the next

Back 283

Contour Interval

Front 284

with storm events generally traveling west to east, there is an increase in precipitation on west-facing slopes (western slope = good for skiing)

Back 284

Mountain Rainshadow Effect

Front 285

The presence of free iron oxides in soil is indicated by what?

Back 285

Deep red color of Soil

Front 286

This color of soil suggests poor drainage and a lack of good aeration

Back 286

Blue or Gray Soil

Front 287

Decreasing the internal friction

Loading the site with structures

Adding irrigation

Adding a septic system

Back 287

May cause slide or slump on a site containing clay and shale layers in a sloping condition

Front 288

What could help a sloping condition of a site containing clay and shale layers?

Back 288

Regrading the site to reduce slope

Increasing the resisting mass

Reducing the overburden

Front 289

The rate at which rain falls, measure in inches per hour

Back 289

Rainfall Intensity

Front 290

A formula for calculating the peak runoff rate from a drainage area based on land use, soils, land slope, rainfall intensity, and drainage area.

Back 290

Rational Method

Front 291

Document that transfers ownership of real estate

Back 291

Deed

Front 292

Statistical study of the characteristics of human populations, such as size, growth, density, distribution, and vital statistics as well as how populations change over times due to births, deaths, migration and aging. Used to analyze neighborhood characteristics, determine housing needs, etc.

Back 292

Demography

Front 293

The average number of people, families, or housing units on one unit of land. Also described in dwelling units per acre.

Back 293

Density

Front 294

When an easement is held incident to ownership of some land such as running a drainage ditch through a neighbors yard

Back 294

Easement Appurtenant

Front 295

A legal means of protecting beautiful views and associated aesthetic quality along a site by restricting change in existing features without government approval.

Back 295

Scenic Easement

Front 296

Federal, state, and local requirements for managing the nation's environmental health. A landscape architect would be concerned with sediment and erosion control and wetland and stream protection

Back 296

Environmental Regulations

Front 297

A setback at a street or driveway intersection that restricts view-obstructing objects at a driver's line of sight for a specific distance based on the streets design speed

(area visible to a drive when stopped at an intersection)

Back 297

Sight-Line Triangle

Front 298

A legal tool for detailed design and implementation of a defined portion of an area covered by a General Plan.

Back 298

Specific Area Plan (SAP)

Front 299

Space between the buildings and either side of the street

Back 299

Streetscape

Front 300

Development with the goal of preserving environmental quality, natural resources, and livability for present and future generations

Back 300

Sustainable Development

Front 301

Method of measurements that are a way of determining a distance based on the height observations of a 6 ft. object

Back 301

Stadia Measurements

Front 302

The ability of soil to become deformed without breaking apart

Back 302

Plasticity

Front 303

Study of the physical features of the Earth's surface

Back 303

Physiography

Front 304

What level of pH is considered a strong alkaline?

Medium alkaline?

Slightly alkaline?

Back 304

over 8.5 pH

8.0-8.5 pH

7.0-8.0 pH

Front 305

What level of pH is considered a strong acidic?

Medium acidic?

Slightly acidic?

Back 305

below 5.5 pH

5.5-6 pH

6.0-7.0 pH

Front 306

The length of road clearly visible to a driver while moving

Back 306

Sight Distance (Stopping & Passing)

Front 307

Formerly the Soil Conservation Service, a federal agency in the Department of Agriculture that deals with erosion and flood control; has developed a methodology for determining runoff rates and volumes; based on runoff, in inches, resulting in rainfall, in inches, for a specific drainage area and land use for a specified storm duration

Back 307

Natural Resources Conservation Service

Front 308

Use of live, woody vegetative cuttings to repair slope failures and increase slope stability

Back 308

Soil bioengineering

Front 309

region or area contributing to the supply of a stream or lake

Back 309

Watershed, drainage basin, or catchement area

Front 310

illustrates general project components while taking into consideration the components' sizes, shapes, and relationships to one another

Back 310

Fundamental Use Diagram

Front 311

shows topography, structures, roadways; general wetland areas, lakes and streams; information about township, section, range

Back 311

Quadrangle Map

Front 312

refer to its number, township, range, base and meridian

Back 312

Identifying a section

Front 313

may cause leaves to yellow while veins remain green

Back 313

Magnesium Deficiency

Front 314

a fungal problem that is characterized by a white powdery growth on the top and sometimes bottom of leaves

Back 314

Mildew

Front 315

the appearance of dark brown spots on leaves in concentric zones of discoloration

Back 315

Leaf Spot

Front 316

disorder causing a single stem to appear as if it were several stems fused together; caused by frost, insect, or physical damage to a stem in its early development

Back 316

Fasciation

Front 317

ability of a soil to return to its original shape after being subjected to a load condition

Back 317

Elasticity

Front 318

written from the smallest land division to the identified quadrangle

Back 318

Description (of land)

Front 319

a wetland that receives nutrients from groundwater and has non-acidic peats; will be affected significantly by alterations to a watershed, especially with an increase or decrease to its storage capacity

Back 319

Fen

Front 320

periodically inundated wetland that may or may not have water present

Back 320

Meadow

Front 321

A wetland associated with saltwater

Back 321

Mangrove

Front 322

wetland associated with a river or stream

Back 322

Riparian Forested Wetland

Front 323

Should not exceed 2%; overall slope should not exceed 5% (1:20)

Back 323

Cross Slope of an accessible walkway without handrails

Front 324

consolidates the creation of smaller wetlands, transfers the responsibility of creating wetlands from the developer to other, provides incentives for others to restore wetlands

Back 324

consolidates the creation of smaller wetlands, transfers the responsibility of creating wetlands from the developer to other, provides incentives for others to restore wetlands

Front 325

per ASTM, an assessment performed by an environmental professional that includes 3 tasks: 1 - interviews and site reconnaissance, 2 - review and interpret information, 3 - oversight of report writing; and 4 components: 1 - thorough review of records, 2 - site visit, 3 - interviews with the owner and/or operator of the property, 4 - report documentation

Back 325

Phase I Environmental Site Assessment

Front 326

ocean-influenced wetlands, more productive and sensitive than any other type of wetland

Back 326

Tidal Wetlands

Front 327

Cattails and Algal Blooms are signs of What?

Back 327

Notrogen Loading In Water Body

Front 328

Dashed Line w/ small dash

Dashed Line w/ two small dashes

Dashed Line w/ three dots

Dashed Line

Back 328

Ridge/Watershed

Property Line

Swale/Drainage

Easement/Trail

Front 329

Distance for fireproof landscape

How much seating for shopping plaza (project for public spaces)

Back 329

100' in all directions

1 LF per 30 SF plaza space

Front 330

Resistance to sliding between soil particles

Back 330

Internal Friction

Front 331

Mutural attraction between particles due to moisture content

Back 331

Cohesion

Front 332

Soil type that shrinks when dry and expands when wet

Back 332

Clay

Front 333

What establishes the capabilities and limitations of a soil?

Back 333

bearing capacity, angle of repose, shear strength, permeability, erodibility, frost action potential, pH level, and organic content

Front 334

What is included in a soil description?

Back 334

information on slope, depth to bedrock, soil texture, erodability, rock, and drainage characteristics

Front 335

What is included in a soil survey?

Back 335

describes the character of the soil, info about management techniques, engineering characteristics, and uses for the land

Front 336

size of a football field

size of a lacrosse and soccer field

336

size of a volleyball court

size of an outdoor basketball court

size of tennis court

Back 336

170'x370'

200'x330'

50'x80'

50'x94'

120'x60'

Front 337

4 conditions for establishing a taking:

Back 337

1 - the property must have equal value to defendants and the plaintiff; 2 - the taking is conscious and deliberate; 3 - the taking is accomplished without third party or natural events; 4 - the entire thing is taken, not just a part or portion of the thing.