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136 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are snap ties? |
A type of fastener. |
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What are snap ties used for? |
Used to hold frame work together while concrete is being poured and are designed to break away after the framework is removed. |
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Can snap ties be left in concrete after it has cured? |
Yes they can remain inside concrete to provide additional reinforcement. |
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Which section of construction docs has material testing information? |
The specifications. Specifically Performance specifications. |
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What is the primary purpose of a Slump Test? |
To measure the workability of a concrete mix. |
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How do you conduct a concrete slump test? |
By placing a portion of the concrete mix into a slump cone, tamping the mix and removing the cone. The height of the mix is then measured, as is any slump or deformation in the shape of the concrete. Thus, the test not only checks the workability of freshly made concrete, but can also be used as an indicator of an improperly mixed batch of concrete. |
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What is an Isolation Valve? |
Located on an irrigation mainline to allow (or shut off) water to a portion of the system. |
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What is a likely purpose for an Isolation Valve? |
Troubleshooting a leak in the mainline. |
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What is a Water meter? |
A point of connection to a municipal water main that measures the amount of water passing through it (for billing purposes). |
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What is a backflow prevention Device? |
A device used to separate irrigation water from the potable water supply, thereby protecting it from contamination. |
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Where is a backflow prevention Device located? |
After the water meter, at the very start of the irrigation system. |
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What is a Quick coupler valve? |
It allows hoses to be connected to the irrigation water supply |
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What is potable water? |
Water safe to drink |
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What information is included on a construction documentation cover sheet? |
Official date of issuance, vicinity map, project location map, site address, and sheet index. |
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What is the purpose of the pilot hole when using wood screws? |
Prevent the wood from splintering when driving the screw.
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What is a value engineering review?
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A systematic method to improve the value of goods or products and services by using an examination of function |
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What is the most widely used irrigation system? |
Sprinkler systems |
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What are some characteristics of a drip irrigation system? |
Can be expensive install in lawns, small orifices can get easily clogged, efficient in planter islands and beds, minimize water loss. |
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What does countersinking mean? |
To allow the head of a bolt or screw to sit flush with or below the surface of the surrounding material |
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What is Geoengineering? |
The deliberate and large scale intervention in the climate system with the aim of counteracting climate change |
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What is Bioengineering? |
Using vegetation for engineering purposes |
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What is Cribbing? |
Using a temporary wooden structure to support heavy objects during construction. |
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What is live staking? |
Using cuttings from living branches tamped or inserted into the earth that will eventually root and leaf out. |
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What are some benefits to live staking? |
A cost-effective and low-impact way of reducing sediment deposition and erosion in waterways. |
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When do you refer to CSI Standards?
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When organizing project documents and manuals under categories using standardized guidelines to relate drawings to specifications |
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What does CSI stand for? |
Construction Specifications Institute |
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When do you refer to ACI Standards? |
For concrete specifications |
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What does ACI stand for? |
American Concrete Institute
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When do you refer to NFPA Standards? |
When fire rating is a key component of design. |
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What does NFPA stand for? |
National Fire Protection Association |
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When do you refer to AASHTO Standards? |
Used primarily in transportation related projects or transportation related portions of a project |
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What does AASHTO stand for? |
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials |
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What does TESC stand for? |
Temporary Erosion and Sediment Controls |
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What are some examples of TESC measures? |
Level spreader, mulching, compost socks, silt fences |
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What are four factors affecting erosion potential? |
Slope/topography, Soil, Precipitation, Vegetation |
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Does soil with high content of silt and fine sand have a high or low erodibility potential? |
High |
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Does soil with high clay and organic content have a high or low erodibility potential? |
Low |
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What does EVA stand for? |
Emergency Vehicle Access |
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What does ADA stand for? |
Americans with Disabilities Act |
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What does OHV stand for? |
Off Highway Vehicle |
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What does BMP stand for? |
Best Management Practices |
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What is the purpose of BMPs? |
To protect beneficial uses of water resources through the reduction of pollutant loads and concentrations. |
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What does LEED stand for? |
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design |
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What is the purpose of LEED? |
To certify that a newly constructed project meets specified energy and environmental standards. |
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What does LID stand for? |
Low Impact Development |
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What is the purpose of LID? |
To use or mimic natural processes that result in the infiltration, evapotranspiration or use of stormwater in order to protect water quality and associated aquatic habitat |
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What does NDS stand for? |
National Design Specification |
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What is the purpose of NDS? |
It is used for referencing standards when designing wood structures |
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What are “Compost Blankets”? |
A layer of loosely applied composted material |
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When do you use Compost Blankets? |
It is placed in disturbed areas to reduce stormwater runoff and erosion. |
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What are some benefits of using Compost Blankets? |
This material fills in small rills and voids to limit channelized flow, provides a more permeable surface to facilitate stormwater infiltration, and promotes revegetation. |
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What is a Geotechnical Report? |
A report used to determine the character of a site’s geology and soils. |
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What is typically included in a Geotechnical Report? |
Specific recommendations for grading and drainage and should be taken into account when designing this portion of a project. |
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Why would a wood beam be called out as continuous? |
Because it spans more than two posts |
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Drainage channels and swales should generally be designed for what type of storm? |
10-year design storm |
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What is a batter? |
The slope of a retaining wall measured along its vertical face |
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What is the borrow pit method for calculating cut and fill quantities? |
Sometimes referred to as the grid method, is appropriate for complex grading projects and urban conditions. |
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What is the contour area method for calculating cut and fill quantities? |
An appropriate method for large, relatively uncomplicated grading plans and ma y also be used to calculate volumes of water in ponds and lakes. |
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What is the perpendicular offset method for calculating cut and fill quantities? |
A layout system used in construction drawings |
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Of the borrow pit, contour area, perpendicular offset, and average area methods, which is best for complex grading projects? |
Borrow Pit Method |
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What is the typical size of a fall zone in playgrounds for school-age children? |
6’ on all sides |
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What is the typical size of a fall zone in playgrounds for infants and toddlers? |
3’ on all sides |
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What are a few shortcomings of concrete? |
Prolonged curing time (~28 days), susceptibility of cracking, the need for rebar and formwork. |
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What is the primary purpose of a bid form? |
To standardize all bids submitted so that they can be compared accurately to one another by the owner. |
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What are typical actions to take when drafting construction docs and specifications? |
Specifications should generally appear in a single location to avoid confusion, error and conflicts. Dimensional information should only appear in a single location as well - the construction details (not the specifications). Installation and methods of construction would be covered in the specifications. |
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What is the typical depth of an expansion joint? |
The full depth of the slab |
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What are the benefits of a zinc coating on non-stainless steel fasteners? |
It prevents and reduces the formation of rust |
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Of brass, zinc, cobalt, and aluminum, which coating is best for reducing rust on non-stainless steel fasteners? |
Zinc. |
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What is a detention facility? |
A place used to hold runoff during storm events and release the storm water after a period of time - usually once the peak storm flow has passed. |
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What is a silt fence? |
Generally composed of a fine plastic mesh that retains and filters sediments from stormwater while also allowing water to pass through the plastic membrane |
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A site protection plan addresses what type of concerns? |
Noise mitigation, erosion control, wash-down areas for construction equipment, storage areas for salvaged materials, tree protection, site access, tree or plant salvage and measures to salvage topsoil on-site for reuse. |
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What is the allowable slope range for a parking area? |
10% |
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What is the allowable slope range for a lawn or grassed area? |
25% |
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What is the allowable slope range for the longitudinal slope of sidewalk? |
10% |
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What is the allowable slope range for a service area? |
10% |
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Where should sediment traps be located to be most effective? |
At the point of discharge |
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What is the purpose of the forebay? |
To intercept and reduce the velocity of flows entering the facility and to settle sediments and other solids that may be present in the water. This helps to improve the water quality within the treatment structure and improves the efficiency and operational lifespan |
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A measurement of pounds per square foot is used to calculate what? |
Live loads on a flat surface |
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What are the components of an extensive green roof? |
Soil depth of 2”-4”, filter geotextile, gravel ballast, synthetic sheet drain, lightweight growth media, waterproofing membrane |
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How much aggregate should be used in concrete mix? |
Not more than ⅓ the depth of the slab |
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What is the purpose of a bituminous binder? |
Used to adhere a new coat of asphalt to an existing asphalt surface |
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What is the purpose of mortar? |
It is typically used to bond individual masonry units |
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What is the purpose of epoxy? |
A high-strength adhesive that is used to bond wood, concrete, metals and/or plastics in general construction. |
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What is the purpose of a plate compactor? |
Compact an aggregate product during the construction process |
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What is the typical height of a railing to meet code requirements? |
36” |
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What is the typical height of a guardrail? |
42” |
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How often should asphalt pavement be maintained if constructed properly? |
20 years |
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Asphalt treated base is typically used in what type of condition? |
An alternative to untreated base material; typically used during construction in wet or freezing conditions |
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What are the order of headings in a three-part specification? |
General, Product, Execution |
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What is the tensile strength of material? |
The measurement of a product’s resistance to forces parallel to the material’s grain or surface. |
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What factor determines the width of a retaining wall’s footer? |
Soil bearing capacity |
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Where is the invert of a pipe measured from? |
It is measured from the surface (finished grade) of the ground |
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What is the invert of a pipe? |
The bottom of the inside/interior of the pipe |
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What are acceptable heights for ADA compliant handrails? |
34”, 36”, 38” |
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What information is shown on a hydrograph? |
Travel time, storm flows, discharge, design storm, time of concentration, base flow |
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What are a few ways of improving a site’s safety? |
Promoting a positive image, improving visibility, designing for natural surveillance, defining perceived ownership of the site, and providing multiple access points. |
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What are advantages of asphalt paving? |
Low maintenance cost, installation cost, and reflectivity |
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What are some benefits of reducing peak flow? |
Limiting soil erosion, minimizing channel widening and the frequency of severe floods, and protecting against downstream scouring and stream siltation that reduce the health of riparian ecosystems. |
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A Machine bolt is typically used to connect what types of material? |
Metal to metal |
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What is the invitation to bid? |
An advertisement or notification to bidders off the proposed project |
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What is the bid form? |
A template for how the information is to be conveyed to the owner |
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What are the instructions to bidders? |
An outline of how to formulate and submit the bid. It generally includes information regarding the award of contract and rejection of bids |
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What is heat of hydration in terms of mixing concrete? |
A chemical process that is initiated when cement is mixed with water to form concrete. An exothermic reaction that occurs as cement particles expand due to the presence of water. |
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What is the point of vertical curve (PVC)? |
The start point of a curve |
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What is the point of vertical intersection (PVI)? |
The point where the tangent lines of the PVC and PVT intersect. |
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What is the start point of a curve? |
PVC (Point of vertical curve) |
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What is the point of tangency (PVT)? |
The end point of a curve |
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What is the end of vertical curve? |
PVT (Point of Tangency) |
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For an ADA compliant ramp, what’s the maximum rise allowed before a landing is needed? |
30” |
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The rational method for calculation of peak stormwater runoff rates is typically used for what size sites? |
Sites under 20 acres |
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What is the typical height of a bench to maximize a user’s comfort? |
16-20” |
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How can you mitigate soil compaction in urban environments? |
Use structural soils, Silva Cells below pavement, or suspended pavements |
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Generally, what information do you get from A Geotechnical Report? |
Soil profile, exploration logs, laboratory or in situ results, ground water information, interpretation and analysis of the subsurface data, specific engineering recommendations for design, discussion of conditions for solution of anticipated problems |
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How can a Geotechnical Report impact a site layout plan? |
In may help orient the placement of project features. |
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How can a Geotechnical Report impact a planting plan? |
It may indicate locations that will help plants thrive or not |
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How can a Geotechnical Report impact a grading and drainage plan? |
It may indicate where grading may be needed in combination drainage structures |
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How can a Geotechnical Report impact an Irrigation plan? |
It may indicate where irrigation should or shouldn’t be placed to aid with erosion control |
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How can a Geotechnical Report impact a demolition plan? |
It may indicate potential hazards and opportunities that exist subsurface |
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For playground design, what is the “fall zone”? |
The area around and under gross motor climbing, sliding, or swinging equipment where protective surfacing is required to prevent injury from falls. The fall zone should be cleared of items that children may fall onto or run into. |
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What are the benefits of a brass coating on non-stainless steel fasteners? |
High resistance to corrosion and is well suited for aquatic applications |
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What is the rational method? |
A frequently used formula for computing the peak rate of runoff from small drainage areas (less than about 200 ac or 80 ha). |
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What is the equation for the rational method? |
q = CiA; where q = peak runoff rate, in cubic feet per second (ft^3/s or CFS); C = dimensionless coefficient (between 0 and 1); i = rainfall intensity, inches per hour (iph) for the design storm frequency and for the time of concentration of the drainage area; A = area of drainage area, acres (ac) |
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What are the benefits of a cobalt coating on non-stainless steel fasteners? |
Zinc cobalt plating has a greater corrosion resistance than traditional zinc plating |
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What are the benefits of an aluminum coating on non-stainless steel fasteners? |
It resists corrosion |
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What is a weir? |
An opening in the crest of a dam or an embankment to discharge excess water |
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What can a weir measure? |
Rate of discharge through a dam or embankment |
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What is riprap? |
Stones or other material placed on a slope to prevent erosion by water |
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What is an embankment? |
A bank of earth, rock, or other material constructed above the natural ground surface. |
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What is a detention pond? |
Used as a means of controlling peak discharge rates through the temporary storage of storm runoff |
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What is another name for a detention pond? |
Dry basin |
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What is a retention pond? |
A basin that contains a permanent pool of water |
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What is the purpose of a retention pond? |
Stormwater management, pollutant removal, habitat improvement and aesthetic enhancement. |
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What is an infiltration basin? |
An open-surface storage area with no outlet, except an emergency spillway, that permits runoff to infiltrate the soil |
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What is a water quality basin? |
A reservoir that has a provision for removing pollutants from storm runoff by retaining the runoff from high-frequency storms (i.e., those with 1- or 2-year frequencies) for prolonged periods (i.e., from 18 to 36 hours). |
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What is a concrete outlet box? |
A point of water disposal from a stream, river, lake, tidewater, or artificial drain that is in the form of a box and made out of concrete |
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What materials are typically found in a concrete mix? |
Water, aggregate, and cement |
