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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Halliday's Functions
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Instrumental - expresses need Regulatory - tell others what to do Interactional - make contact Personal - express feelings, opinions Heuristic - gain knowledge about environment Imaginative - create an imaginary environment Representational - language to convey information |
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Journey to spoken language
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1. Before birth 2. Crying - 0 - 6 weeks 3. Cooing - 6 - 8 weeks 4. Babbling - 6 - 9 months 5. Phonic expansion (Babbling) - number of phonemes produced by child increases. Phonic contraction (10 months) - number of phonemes reduced to fit native language. 6. Intonation and Gesture 7. Understanding 8. The first word - 1 year. |
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Phonological Development Addition |
When a vowel is added to the end of a word - 'dogu'
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Phonological Development Assimilation |
When one consonant in a word is changed because of the influence of another - 'tub' becomes 'bub'
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Phonological Development Reduplication |
A phoneme is repeated - 'dada'
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Phonological Development Voicing |
Voiceless consonants 'p,t,f,s' are replaced by voiced equivalents - 'sock' becomes 'zock'
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Phonological Development Devoicing |
Voiced consonants are replaced by voiceless consonants - 'bag' becomes 'pag'
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Berko and Brown
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Fis phenomenon - children can understand a wider range of phonemes than they can produce.
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Features of CDS
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1. Repeated structures 2. Interrogatives - encouraging child to respond 3. Imperatives 4. Recast - recasting information 5. Expand - adding extra information |
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Lexis in CDS
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1. Simplified - removal of phonemes - 'banana' becomes 'nana' 2. Reduplication - 'choo-choo' 3. Diminutives - emphasise smallness 'doggie' 4. High proportion of words to do with seeing and touching (Nelson) |
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Grammar in CDS
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1. Simplified syntax structure 2. Proper nouns used frequently through repetition 3. Present tense used more than past tense |
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Nelson
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First 50 words - found most common category was classes of objects 1. Classes of objects - 'dog' 2. Specific objects - 'mummy' 3. Actions/Events - 'stop' 4. Modifying things - 'nice' 5. Personal/social - 'bye-bye' |
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Language Stages |
1. Holophrastic stage - single words 2. Underextension/Overextension - between 12 & 18 months 3. Two word stage (18 months) 4. Telegraphic stage (2 years) - still omit functional words 5. Inflections stage (start to be added as early as 20 months) - change the grammar of a word or phrase. |
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Brown Order children acquire inflections |
1.Present participle 'ing' (am still be missing) 2. Plural '-s' 3. Possessive 's' 4. Articles ('a', 'the') 5. Past tense 'ed' 6. Third person singular verb ending 's' 7. Auxiliary 'be' (it is raining) |
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Brown Developed order of inflections |
1. Present tense progressive - 'ing' 2. Prepositions - 'in' 3. Plural '-s' 4. Past tense irregular - run/ran 5. Possessive 's' 6. Uncontractible copula - 'is' and 'was' 7. articles 'a' and 'the' 8. Past tense regular - 'ed' 9. Third person regular - 'runs' 10. Third person irregular 'has' 11. Uncontractible auxiliary verb - 'they were running' 12. Contractible copula - 'she's' 13. Contractible auxiliary - 'she's running' |
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Determiners
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Function word acquired later in development 1. articles - 'a' and 'the' 2. numerals - 'one' 3. possessives - 'my' 4. quantifiers - 'some' or 'many' 5. demonstratives - 'this' |
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Cruttenden
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Inflections learnt in 3 stages Inconsistent usage - learn the word not the rule Consistent - virtuous errors Consistent usage - when a child is successful when dealing with language |