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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
allegory
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a symbolic description of deeper religious/political/abstract ideas
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fable
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animals are the prime characters of this short story with a moral
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fairy tale
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imaginary beings, events, and fairies fill these moral filled tales
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genre
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short simple story to illustrate a moral lesson
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legend
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supernatural or mythological tale passed down for generations
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motif
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reoccuring theme/idea in a work of literature; repeated design
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parable
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short simple story to illustrate a moral lesson
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satire
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wit that derides human folly or wickedness
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alliteration
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poetic effect from a repetition of similar consonant sounds
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assonance
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poetic effect from a reptition of similar vowel sounds
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onomatopoeia
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imitation of sounds in words
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refrain
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a line that recurs at regular intervals, as at the ends of verses
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allusion
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mythical/biblical/historical reference to somebody or thing
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apostrophe
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address to absent/imaginary person, an abstract/inanimate entity
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dramatic irony
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a character is unaware of sth the audience knows
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foreshadowing
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suggestion of sth that is going happen; omen
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hyperbole
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deliberate and obvious exaggeration
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imagery
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sensory details producing mental pictures in one's imagination
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metaphor
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implicit comparision
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metonymy
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an attribute of sth is used to stand for the thing itself
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oxymoron
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expression with contradictory words
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paradox
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seemingly absurd or contradictory, but in fact is or may be true
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personification
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attribution of human qualities to objects or abstract notions
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pun
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a humorous turn of word for more than one possible meaning
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simile
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comparison between two diff things, using "like" or "as"
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situational irony
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incongruity b/w what happens and what is expected to happen
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symbol
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a representation sth abstract by sth concrete
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synecdoche
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word for part of sth is used to mean the whole
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trope
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word, phrase, expression, or image that is used figuratively
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verbal irony
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means of opposite of what is actually stated on the surface
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catharsis
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purification brought about by an intense emotional experience
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denouement
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a final revelation, no questions or surprises remain;
unknotting |
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analogy
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a form of logical inference
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anaphora
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use of same word/phrase in successive sentences or verses
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chiasmus
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inverted word order in phrase or cluase
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diction
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word choice
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juxtaposition
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to place two or more things together to emphasize a contrast
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litotes
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affirmative statement formed by negation of the contrary
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parallelisima membrorum
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parallel construction in 3 parts
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sarcasm
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remarks opposite of said meaning, intended to mock/deride
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structure
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order of interrelated parts that fxn as a cohesive whole
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syntax
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organization of words in sent
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thesis
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a proposition advanced as an argument
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tone
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way of speaking to indicate attitude of the speaker
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deduction
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conclusion draw from available info; reasoning from the general to the specific
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description
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written or verbal account. representation, or explanation of sth
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ethos
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appeal to fundamental and distinctive character of a group
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expository
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detailed theory, problem, or proposal discussing the issues involved, or a commentary on a written text discussing its meaning and implications
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induction
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generalization based on observed instances; a guess
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inference
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the process of reasoning from a premise to a conclusion
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logos
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appeal to logic or mental understanding
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pathos
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appeal to feelings that arouse pity
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bipolarity
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having two diff opinions
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dialectic
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debated intended to resolve a conflict b/w two contradictory ideas logically, est truths on both sides rather than disproving one argument
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imply
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to make sth understood w/o directly stating it
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non sequitur
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conclusion that does not follow from its premises; "does not follow"
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rhetoric
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ability to use lang effectively to communicate its point persuasively
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syllogism
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argument involving three propositions (all birds have feathers, penguins are birds, therefore penguins have feathers)
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synthesis
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a new unified whole resulting from the combo of diff ideas, influences, or objects
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derivative
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word whose ending changes to change grammatical form
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denotation
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dictionary meaning; literal meaning of the word
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inflection
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word altered to show change in tense, number, or degree
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meter
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arranged pattern of rhythm
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ode
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a lyric expressing exalted emotion in complex rhyme and meter
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scancion
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analysis of verse according to rules of meter
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archetype
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universal symbol observed in dreams and myths
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foible
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an idiosyncrasy or small weakness
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Fallacy
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sth that sounds reasonable or true but is deceptive and dishonest
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begging the question
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assumes in the premise what hte arguer should be trying to prove in the conclusion; asks readers to agree that certain pts are self evident when they are not
(the unfair legislation is clearly a threat to the economy) |
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argument from analogy
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explains sth unfamiliar by comparing it to sth more familiar, ignores important dissimilarities b/w 2 things being compared
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personal attack; ad hominem
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divert attention from facts of an argument by attacking the motives or char of person making the argument
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hasty/sweeping generalization
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conclusion reached on the basis of too little evidence
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false dilemma; either/or fallacy
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suggest that only 2 alternatives exist even though there are others
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equivocation
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meaning of a key term changes at some point in an argument; seems as if a conclusion follows a permise when it acutally does it
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red herring
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focus of an argument is changed to divert the audience from the actual issue
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you also (tu quoque)
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asserts that the opponent's argument has no value b/c the opponent does not follow his/her own advice
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appeal to doubtful authority
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individuals cited have no expertise on the issue
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misleading statistics
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misrepresented/ distorted facts
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post hoc, ergo proper hoc (after this, because of this)
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assuming that b/c 2 events occur close together in time, the first must be the cause of the second
ex) everytime a republican is elected, a recession follows. to avoid a recession, we should elect a democrat |
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non sequitur (it does not follow)
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a statement does not logically follow from a previous statement
ex) disarmament weaked the US after WWI. it weakened the US after Vietnam. For this reason, efforts to control guns will weaken the US. |