Lals 45 Midterm #1

Front 1

According to Lorde, we tend to speak not of human difference, but human

Back 1

deviance

Front 2

Takaki points out that the Irish were denied acceptance by dominant society because of their:

Back 2

religion

Front 3

The “Trail of Tears” resulted from which of the following Congressional policies in Snipp’s the First Americans:

Back 3

Removal

Front 4

According to Haunani-Kay Trask, by claiming that Hawaiians lived under feudalism, Western scholars

Back 4

degraded a successful system of shared land use

Front 5

What hurt Carlos more than the mace or the night he spent in the juvenile detention center in Label Us Angry?

Back 5

racist labels

Front 6

List three reasons for why reconstructing knowledge about excluded groups matter? (Anderson and Hill Collins:

Back 6

The first reason it is important to reconstruct knowledge about excluded groups is that we need to understand what we know about these groups before we can change existing systems of oppression. There are real consequences to only having partial or distorted knowledge because it frames how you think about yourself and others and can lead to acting in ways that reproduce these systems of inequality based on race, class, gender, sexuality, ability, and religion etc. Second it is by learning about other groups that one realizes the partiality of one’s perspective regardless if one is from the dominant or subordinate group. The third reason is that having misleading or incorrect knowledge about these subjects is just bad social policy because it reproduces rather than solves our social problems.

Front 7

Why is employing a matrix of domination framework as opposed to a difference framework important for conceptualizing race, class, and gender relationships? (Anderson and Hill Collins: 6-11)

Back 7

First, a matrix of domination framework emphasizes the role of social structures in understanding the intersections of race, class, and gender. Race, class, and gender relations are a part of our social structure and they provide the context for individual experiences. Second, by analyzing social structures a matrix of domination framework helps us understand how race, class, and gender are constructed differently depending on how such categories intersect with one another. Third, the matrix of domination approach is historically grounded and realizes that systems of race, class, and gender change over time but are deeply codified in US laws and policy. Difference or diversity frameworks of race, class, and gender tend to treat each of these categories separately and inequality tends to be described as difference or culture which masks the role power plays in such relationships. In addition, difference frameworks foster misconceptions that race, class, and gender are monolithic categories whose oppressions are equivalent to one another. Diversity frameworks imply that all we need to do is to recognize the plurality of views and experiences in society which doesn’t focus on the systems of power that continues to socially construct such groups as “other” and that continues to produce social inequalities.

Front 8

According to Bonnie Thornton Dill, the dominant ideology of family structure dictated:

Back 8

separate spheres for men and women, and women remaining outside of the paid labor force.

Front 9

Dill tells us that African American, Chinese American, and Chicano women had which of the following in common during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?

Back 9

They all had to work outside the home for wages, as well as inside the home raising children and caring for husbands.

Front 10

According to Tatum, of the teachers in the United States, how many are African American?

Back 10

7.5%

Front 11

According to Ladson-Billings, the largest beneficiaries of affirmative action were

Back 11

White women

Front 12

Erevelles and Minear argue that intersectional studies by critical race feminist scholars ignore:


Back 12

disability

Front 13

In "White Privilege and Male Privilege: A Personal Account of Coming to See Correspondences Through Work in Women's Studies (1988)," Peggy McIntosh:

Back 13

points out that Whites tend to be unaware of the privileges they have as members of the dominant group.

Front 14

According to Charles Gallagher in “Color-Blind Privilege: The Social and Political Functions of Erasing the Color Line in Post-Race America,” color-blind ideology:

Back 14

disregards racial hierarchy

Front 15

According to "What White Supremacists Taught a Jewish Scholar about Identity" by Abby Ferber, the history of the Jewish experience:

Back 15

demonstrates the social construction of race.

Front 16

The term “Asian American” according to Min Zhou’s “Are Asian Americans Becoming White?” was created in the

Back 16

Late 1960s

Front 17

According to Herbert Gans in “Race as Class,” scholars trace color differences in human skin to:

Back 17

climatic adaptations

Front 18

As noted in "Is This a White Country, or What?" which of the following contributes to the anti-immigration sentiments expressed by Whites?

Back 18

nativism and economic competition.

Front 19

What is largely considered to be the main reason that South Asians are subject to “forever foreigner” status in “Must-See TV: South Asian Characterizations in American Popular Media,” by Bhoomi Thakore?

Back 19

Skin color

Front 20

According to Mary Waters in "Optional Ethnicities: For Whites Only?" White ethnics fail to recognize:

Back 20

the difference between individualistic symbolic ethnic identity and a socially enforced and imposed racial identity.

Front 21

The use of terms such as _________ allows politicians to objectify and dehumanize populations in an attempt to persuade voters.

Back 21

“illegals”

Front 22

According to Carolina Bank Munoz’s “A Dream Deferred: Undocumented Students at CUNY,” our immigration system has its roots in:

Back 22

institutionalized racism

Front 23

According to Patricia Hill Collins, racism and heterosexism:a. constitute two separate systems of oppressionb. are independent concerns

Back 23

rely upon one another for meaning

Front 24

According to Patricia Hill Collins, if marriage were in fact a natural and normal occurrence between heterosexual couples and if it occurred naturally within racial categories there would be no need to _____________________________ it.

Back 24

regulate

Front 25

Racism and sexism use a common cognitive framework called _____________thinking.

Back 25

binary

Front 26

Contemporary social welfare policies remain preoccupied with:

Back 26

b. Black women’s fertility

Front 27

During 1892-1900, the ideas of heterosexual and homosexual were initially formulated by:

Back 27

U.S. doctors

Front 28

The authors of "Gender Through the Prism of Difference," argue that traditional women’s studies ignored the experiences of women who:

Back 28

were not white and from the middle class.

Front 29

For most women _______________, not discrimination, is the depressor of wages

Back 29

job segregation

Front 30

The concept that people of European descent are superior to all others is:

Back 30

white supremacy

Front 31

An individual who is born with a combination of male and female genitalia, gonads, and/or chromosomes

Back 31

intersexual

Front 32

Laws implemented after the U.S. Civil War to legally enforce segregation particularly in the South, after the end of slavery

Back 32

Jim Crow

Front 33

The philosophy or belief that human behavior and social organization are fundamentally determined by innate biological characteristics, so that differences in behavior within and between groups are attributed to genetic variation rather than influences of environment and learning.

Back 33

biological determinism

Front 34

Peggy McIntosh argues that recognizing White privilege challenges:

Back 34

the notion that an individual’s experience is based solely on his or her own merit.

Front 35

The following concepts that have been useful in discussing class and were contributed by Pierre Bourdieu include which of the following?

Back 35

Habitus & Cultural Capital

Front 36

A form of understanding in which knowledge and meaning are grounded in people’s lived experiences:

Back 36

Subjectivity

Front 37

The ability of a dominant group to create consent and agreement within a population without the use or threat of force. This is the naturalized, culturally dominant ideal or belief within a culture.

Back 37

Hegemony

Front 38

Erevelles and Minear argue that intersectional studies by critical race feminist scholars ignore:

Back 38

disability

Front 39

Sociologists argue that race is:

Back 39

socially constructed

Front 40

Bertrand and Mullainathan found that applicants in their study given White sounding names needed to send out 10 resumes to get a callback. They found that applicants with African-American sounding names needed to send out:

Back 40

15

Front 41

According to Childs, White families discourage their family members from engaging in interracial relationships to maintain _______________. Black families discourage interracial unions to maintain _______________.

Back 41

White privilege; strength and solidarity of Black communities

Front 42

Dill tells us that African American, Chinese American, and Chicano women had which of the following in common during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?

Back 42

They all had to work outside the home for wages, as well as inside the home raising children and caring for husbands.

Front 43

True or False: Audre Lorde (in Age, Race, Class, and Sex) points out that the oppressors have always taken on the responsibility of educating others about their historical mistakes and have always shared that knowledge with each other and with marginalized groups.

Back 43

F

Front 44

True or False: Racial inequality may be present in individual attitudes but it is not present in our social institutions.

Back 44

F

Front 45

True or False: African American women must often perform emotional labor to fit in with organizational norms structured by race and gender in the professional workplace.

Back 45

T

Front 46

True or False: Undocumented students gained the right to apply for federal student loans when attending college in 2008 when the US Congress passed comprehensive immigration reform.

Back 46

F

Front 47

True or False: Biology is the only determining factor in the construction of gender and sexuality.

Back 47

F

Front 48

True or False: Hispanic women rarely face discrimination based on cultural stereotypes that portray Latinas as overly sexualized.

Back 48

f

Front 49

True or False: Hegemonic masculinity is the dominant image of masculinity of men who hold power.

Back 49

T

Front 50

True or False: According to Timothy Noah’s article, the Great Divergence, we are living in a time of growing inequality that no one is discussing. However in 2016 increasing inequality is a topic that many people are talking about.

Back 50

T

Front 51

True or False: Senna, one of the young girls in the film Girl Rising, went to school in India.

Back 51

F

Front 52

True or False: In the Intersection of Poverty Discourses Henderson and Tickamyer point out that although most welfare recipients are Black the face of welfare is White.

Back 52

F