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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Glucose
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70 - 120
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pO2
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80 - 100
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O2 sat
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95 - 100
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Urine pH
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4.6 - 8.0
Average: 6.0 or 7.0 |
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Anuria
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˂ 100 mL/day
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PT
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11 - 12.5 seconds
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INR
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2 - 3.5
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PTT
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60 - 70
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NH3 (ammonia)
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10 - 80
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A1C
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Glucose control over last 120 days
Goal: ˂ 7% |
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DM1: BG (blood glucose)
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≥ 350
manifests w/ ketonuria & HCO3 of ˂ 15 |
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Regular Insulin: onset, peak, duration
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Onset: 1/2 - 1 hr
Peak: 2 - 3 hrs Duration: 3 - 6 hrs (think 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) |
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NPH insulin: onset, peak, duration
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Onset: 1 - 2 hrs
Peak: 4 - 12 hrs Duration: |
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Cholesterol: Total
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˂ 200
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HDL
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Male: > 45
Female: > 55 |
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Platelets
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150,000 - 400,000
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HTN (hypertension)
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≥ 140/90
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Obesity
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Weight > 20% of normal
BMI > 30% |
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GI bleeding: amount
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1000 mL or
20 - 25% of blood volume |
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GI bleeding: when to transfuse
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Hct at 7 or less
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Epogen: length of time to take effect
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2 - 3 weeks
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IBS: criteria
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> 25% of the time with symptoms when defecating (for ≥ 3 months)
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Colorectal Cancer Screening: When?
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> 40 yrs - digital exam
> 50 yrs - annual stool test & sigmoidoscopy q 3 - 5 yrs |
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Cl-
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98 - 106
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Hgb
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12 - 18
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RBCs
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4.2 - 6.1
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WBCs
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5,000 - 10,000
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Average insulin secretion per day
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40 - 50 units/day
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GFR
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125 mL/min
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GFR in CFR (chronic renal failure)
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˂ 60 mL/min for 3 months
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GFR in ESRD
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˂ 15 mL/min
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Renal: max fluid intake/day
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4 - 8 cups/day
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Urine output: normal
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30 mL/day
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Albumin
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3.5 - 5.0
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Amount to flush a nephrostomy tube
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5 mL but no more
use sterile technique |
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pH
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7.35 - 7.45
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pCO2
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35 - 45
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BUN
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10 - 20
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Creatinine
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Male: 0.6 - 1.2
Female: 0.5 - 1.1 |
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Hct
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37 - 52
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Ca+
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9 - 11
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Phosphorus
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3.0 - 4.5
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Na+
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135 - 145
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K+
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3.5 - 5.0
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HCO3 (bicarb)
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22 - 28
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Oliguria
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˂ 400 / 24 hrs
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UTI cultures: positive
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> 100,000 organisms
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Diabetic neuropathy: BG
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> 350
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1 L of fluid =
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1 kg = 2.2 lbs
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MAP
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Systolic + (2) Diastolic ÷ 3
Needs to be > 60 to perfuse organs (brain, kidneys, GI) |
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Hypoglycemia
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BG ˂ 70
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Hyperglycemia
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Treat at > 150
Specific protocols > 300 |
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DKA: BG w/ symptoms
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> 250
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Fasting Plasma Glucose
FPG |
Normal: ˂ 110
Pre-diabetic: 110 - 126 Abnormal: ≥ 126 Goal is ˂ 120 |
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DKA: rate of insulin infusion
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0.1 units/kg of weight/hr
Regular insulin |
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UA: when contaminated
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50,000
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Normal pH of stomach
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2 - 5
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Regular BM
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One q 1 - 3 days
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KCl:route
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PO or IV
NEVER IV push IV rate should not exceed 10-20 mEq/hr |
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KCl: safety
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Very irritating to veins
Monitor q hr for infiltration, phlebitis, necrosis, sloughing Must always be diluted Never add to hanging IV bag |
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KCl: urine output
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Never give unless UO is ≥ 0.5 mL/kg of body weight/hr
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HHS:BG
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> 600
Hyperglycemia is higher in HHS than DKA More common in pts > 60 yrs |
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HHS:labs
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pH > 7.4
HCO3 ˂ 20 |
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Differences between HHS & DKA
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Insulin less critical in HHS
HypoK+ less serious in HHS HHS - no ketosis or high acidosis |
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DKA:labs
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pH ˂ 7.30
HCO3 ˂ 15 |
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Amount to lower glucose rate for DKA
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36 - 54 mg/dL per hr
to avoid cerebral edema |
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Alpha cells
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Produce & secrete glucagon
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Beta cells
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Produce & secrete insulin, amylin
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Delta cells
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Produce somastatin (inhibits production of glucagon & insulin)
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HHS: insulin IV
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0.1 units/kg/hr
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