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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure
(PCWP or PAW) |
8–12 mmHg
It is important to measure PCWP to diagnose the severity of left ventricular failure and to quantify the degree of mitral valve stenosis. Both of these conditions elevate LAP and therefore PCWP |
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Cardiac output (C.O.)
|
4-8 L/min
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Cardiac index (C.I.)
|
2.5-4 L/min/m2
if decreased, indicates threat to tissue perfusion/oxygenation |
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Central Venous Pressure (CVP)
|
2-6 mmHg
can be monitored w/o PA catheter Monitors RV function |
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Mean arterial pressure (MAP)
|
70-100 mmHg
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Saturation of venous oxygen (SvO2)
|
60-75%
rapid response to tissue 02 threats, the lower the more stress to tissues higher means tissues arent getting to use the 02 |
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Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
|
800-1400 dynes.sec/cm-5
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Systemic vascular resistance index
(SVRI) |
2000-2400 dynes.sec
/cm-5/m2 |
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White Blood Cell (WBC)
|
4,000-11,000/µL
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Hemoglobin (Hgb)
|
12-18 g/dl
O2 in blood cells, 4 hemo:1RBC dec hgb, dec hct |
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Hematocrit (Hct)
|
38-54 %
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Platelet Count
|
150,000-400,000/µL
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Sodium (Na)
|
135-145 mEq/L
maintains: osmotic forces, water balance, nurimuscular irritability for nerve impulses Hypo: disorientation, muscle twitching, n/v abdominal cramps, hypotension, tachycardia, cold, clammy skin Hyper: extreme thirst, dry, sticky mucous membranes, altered metation, seizures |
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Potassium (K)
|
3.5-5.5 mEq/L
PRIMARY job is electrical conduction, iside the cell hypo: muscular weakness, cardiac irrgularities, dysrhytmias, abdominal distention, gas, paresthiesias, decreased reflexes hyper: irritability and restlessness, anxiety, cardiac irregularities, taller t waves, short qt interval, numbness in figertips, weakness |
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Calcium (Ca)
|
8.5-10.5 mg/dl
muscle ctx keeps nerves calm, sedativ effect trousseu and chovest signs they cause spasm when low calcium hypo: irritability, tetany, muscle cramps, decreased C.O., Decreased contrations, cant coagulate so bleeding, ECG changes, positive chvosteks/trousseaus sign hyper: deep bone pain, excess thirst, anorexia, lethargy, weakened muscles |
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Magnesium (Mg)
|
1.5-2.5 mEq/L
used in nerve and heart conduction decreased when trouble w/ heart hypo: choroid.athtoid muscle activity facial tics, spastic, cardiac dysrhytmias hyper: CNS depression, resp. depression, lethargy, coma, bradycardia, ECG changes |
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Glucose
|
70-100 mg/dl
|
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Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
|
10-30 mg/dl
affected by diet, biproducts of protein metabolism |
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Creatinine (Creat)
|
0.6-1.2 mg/dl
is a break-down product of in muscle, and is usually produced at a fairly constant rate by the body (depending on muscle mass. If kidneys not functioning, level will rise. |
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Albumin
|
3.5-5.0 g/dl
serum protein |
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Creatine kinase (CK)
|
10-105 U/ml
muscle or nerve damage but not specific, if elevated ask if hx of trauma seizure |
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Creatine kinase – myocardial band (CK-MB)
|
0-9 U/L
SPECIFIC for heart muscle damage |
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Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)
|
50-150 U/L
not specific to heart, found in all cells, elevates when injury |
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Troponin I
|
<2 ng/dl
enzyme in skeletal and cardiac muscle BEST TO DETECT HEART ATTACK, GOLDEN TO CHECK FOR A HEART ATTACK |
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Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
|
5-35 IU/L
primarily with the liver, injury increases level |
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Aspiartate aminotransferase (AST)
|
5-40 IU/L
has to do with the heart |
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Prothrombin time (PT)
|
10-14 seconds
measures warfarin antidote is vitamin k |
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Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
|
25-35 seconds
check for Heparin, protamine sulfate is the antidote |
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International normalized ratio (INR)
|
1.0
|
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Urine Specific Gravity
|
1.003-1.030
measures density of solutes in relation to water |
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ph
|
7.35-7.45
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PaO2
|
80- 100 mmHg
|
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PaCO2
|
35-45 mmHg
|
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HCO3-
|
22-26 mEq/L
|
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4-5 hours clamp to clamp
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heart lung transplant times
|
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15-18
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kidney transplant times
|
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12-18
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livers transplant times
|
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12-15
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pancreas transplant times
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inhibits cyttotoxic t-cell generation, interferes w inteleukin secretion, cells cant talk. Bad thing decreases response to viral infection (fever, low grade below 101, WBC count normal-slighlty elevated) Viral infections don’t respond to antibiotics just antivirals.
Corticosteroids: anti-inflammatory, watch out for glucose |
cyclosporine
|
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anti-inflammatory, watch out for glucose increases, impair the ability of t-cells to be sensitive to foreign tissue, inhibits production of interleukin, decrease the mobility of macrophages,
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Corticosteroids:
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inhibits purine synthesis, need purine to make antibodies,decreases the sysnthesis of nucleic acid (DNA) which stops you from making new cells, particularly on blood components cells, RBC;s anemic, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia.
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imuran
|
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USED WHEN OTHER DRUGS NOT WORKING
Preparations: Primarily used as last effort, animal based antibodies, helps deplete t-cell production, suppresses cytotoxic t-cells as well. Hi risk of allergic reaction, may develop fever, High incidence of developing carcinoma** Used when other drugs not working |
Antithymocyte
|
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Orthoclone (OKT3):
responding. Animal protein type drug, high allergic reaction mainly because animal protein. Used in first two weeks. |
Orthoclone (OKT3):
|
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280-295 m0sm/L
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normal serum osmolarity
|
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number greater than 295, but less than 350
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DKA osmolarity
|
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more than 350
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hhns osmolaoity
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2.7-4.5
in the human body include maintaining the pH of body fluids, the cellular osmotic pressure, and the energy transfer system in cells. important component of DNA and RNA. hypo: hemolytic anemias depressed White cell fuction N/V, anorexia hyper: tachycardia, n/ diarrhea, abd cramps, muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, increased reflexes |
phosphorus
|
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2.7-4.5
in the human body include maintaining the pH of body fluids, the cellular osmotic pressure, and the energy transfer system in cells. important component of DNA and RNA. hypo: hemolytic anemias depressed White cell fuction N/V, anorexia hyper: tachycardia, n/ diarrhea, abd cramps, muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, increased reflexes |
phosphorus
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