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23 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Technological Change
Changes in the production process that result from the introduction of labor-saving machinery and changes in material handling and work flow
Automation
A type of technological change, where machines perform tasks formerly performed by humans, and the human operator is replaced by automatic controls
High Performance Work Organization (HPWO)
A partnership in which both management and labor take responsibility for ensuring that the firm will adapt to competitive market and technological demands by sharing information, continuously training workers, and adapting to work rules to meet each firm's needs.
De-skilling
Reduction in the responsibility or skill level required to perform some jobs, caused by technological advancements, resulting in lower employee compensation and less job security for those employees holding such jobs.
Featherbedding
Job security provisions that attempt to make jobs more secure, such as spreading the workload by placing limits on the load that can be carried, restricting the duties of employees, limiting the number of machines one operator can tend to, or requiring standby crews
Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act (WARN)
Requires employers with 100 or more employees to give 60 days' advance notice of a plant closing or major layoff
Subcontracting
Occurs when a firm determines that it cannot perform all the tasks that are necessary to operate its business successfully or that another firm can perform the needed tasks better or at a lower cost
Outsourcing
A cost-cutting strategy of shifting work away from one's own firm to a different producer who may be located inside or outside the United States
Offshoring
Movement of work from a company location within the United States to locations outside of the United States
Jurisdictional Disputes
Disputes over which workers will be assigned to perform particular jobs or duties due to changes in technology, job descriptions, work materials, or processes
Flextime
Allow an employee to start and finish work at his or her discretion, as long as the specified total number of hours per week or per day are worked and the employee is present at work during a core-hour period.
Compressed Workweek
Four 10-hour work days with three days off each week or eight 9-hour days and one 8-hour days permitting one extra day off every two weeks
Seniority
Factor of who has been with the company longest, used to determine personnel decisions that affect bargaining unit employees
Benefit Rights
Vacation entitlement or scheduling, usually determined by seniority
Competitive Job Rights
Promotion, layoff or recall, work assignments, transfers, shift preference, usually determined by seniority
Bumping Rights
In a layoff, a more senior employee from one department might assert a claim to a job held by a less senior employee in a different department
Superseniority
Provides that highly skilled technical employees or union officials directly involved in contract negotiations or grievance handling will be the last ones laid off, regardless of their actual length of time on the job
Work Sharing
Two or more employees share a job by dividing the standard total number of hours for the job between them
Work Restructuring
Changing the nature of the work performed by employees, typically involves major departures from the traditional way of assigning specific tasks to each employee
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
Governs occupational health and safety in the private sector and federal government. Main goal is to ensure that employers provide employees with an environment free from recognized hazards
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Prohibits, under certain circumstances, discrimination based on disability
Person with Disabilities
A person with a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits that person in some major life activity
Reasonable Accommodation
If an employer can make a modification in a job's requirements or structure that will not cause the employer “undue hardship” and that will allow a disabled employee to do the job, then that modification or change in the job must be made