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12 Cards in this Set
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alanine transaminase (ALT)
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Male 7-55 U/L
Female 7-45 U/L present in liver cells and more liver specific than AST think destructionof hepatocytes ALT/AST>1 in inflamm liver dz; viral hep usually elevated before signs and sx of dz are present |
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aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
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8-48 U/L
found in liver, heart, skeletal muscle, kidneys elevated in acute pancreatitis, Muscular dystrophy, crush muscle injury, dermatomyositosis, hemolysis increased AST with MI and alcohol usage AST>ALT = ETOH hep |
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calcium
dz assoc with low and high? |
2.2-2.5mmmol/L
low = impaired PTH glands, impaired Vit D synth, chronic renal failure, hyperphophatemia, PTH resistance -- lat sx is latent or manifest tetany or osteomalacia high = hyperparathyroidism or bone mets of CA of breast, prostate, thyroid, lung, arrythmias -- >12 = medical emergency |
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phosphate
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2.5-4.5 mg/dL (0.8-1.5mmol/L)
low = renal phosphate wasting, loss from GI, loss from intracellular stores, EC to IC stores -- common in hospitalized pt (levels < 1.5mg/dL associated with muscle weakness, RBC hemolysis, coma, bone deformity, impaired bone growth); <1 = ER high: acute/rapid elevation -- think low Ca + tetany, seizure, hypotension; long term = calcification of soft tissue high = usually 2ndary to kidneys ability to excrete phosphate reflected by diet |
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chlorine
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100-108mmol/L (95-105meq/L)
increased by: dehydration, renal tubular acidosis, acute renal failure, metabolic acidosis assoc with prolonged dairrhea and loss of Na bicarb, diabetes insipidus, adrenocortical hyperfunction, aspirine tox, excessive infusion of isotonic saline, high salt intake decreased in overhydration, chronic resp acidosis, salt losing nephritis, metabolic alkalosis, CHF, Addison's crisis, prolonged vomit, aldosteronism, SIADH, expanded fluid volume |
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glucose - fasting
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10-100mg/dL
>/= 125 = diagnostic for DM for 2 consec days following 8hr fast >200mg/dl for other test (+/-) sx (wt loss, polyuria, incr glc in blood and urine, constant hunger and thirst....only if random) = dx for DM |
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postassium
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3.5 - 5 meq/L
monitor with diabetic ketoacidosis and any IV tx for fluid replacement decrease = irritable, muscle weakness, paralysis, tachy, cardiac arrest -- caused by vomiting, ETOHism, folic acid def, htn + aldosteronism (<2.5 is life threatening) ' increase = metnal confusion, weak, numb, tingling of extremities, weak resp muscles, flaccid paralysis, brady, cardiac arrest -- caused by end stage renal failure, hemolyis, trauma, Addison's disease, metabolic acidosis, acute starvation, rapid K infusion, or dehydration >7 can be life threatening; >10 fatal |
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sodium
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135-145 mmol/L
low values: low intake, high loss (vomit, diarrhea, renal loss due to diuretics, sweat), prim or second aldosteronism, polyuria, nephrotic syndrome -- sx = brain swelling, weakness, seizure, coma death high values - osmotic diuresis, PG, hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, dec ADH, diabetes insipidus, high salt intake, dehydration, Cushings, diabetic acidosis -- sx increased HCT, confsion, siezure, coma, thirst |
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BUN
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Males = 8-24 mg/dL (2.8-8.6mmol/L)
Females = 6-21 mg/dL (2.1-7.5 mmol/L) evaluates kidney function - final degradation product of protein and aa metabolism = elimination of nitrogen through BUN |
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CR
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0.6-1.2 mg/dL
inversely correlated with GFR |
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GGT
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inidcation of intra or extra hepatic obsturciton to bile flow
induction of CYP450 (eg ETOH) causes increase |
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ALP
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found in liver and osteoblastic bone
high GGT and ALP think liver cholestasis normal GGT and high ALP think source of ALP other than liver (bone, PG) increased with blocked bile ducts and with viral hepatitis |