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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Potassium (K) normal range |
3.5-5.0 |
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Potassium (K) high values due to... |
Dehydration Renal failure Acidosis Trauma Burns Massive hemolysis of test specimen Addison's disease |
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Potassium (K) low values due to... |
-NPO status when K not replaced through IV fluids -excessive use of non-K-sparing diuretics -vomiting -malnutrition -diarrhea -alkalosis -aldosteronism
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Sodium (Na) normal range |
136-146 |
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Sodium (Na) high values due to... |
-dehydration -edema -cardiac failure -renal failure -excessive infusion of sodium containing fluids -inadequate thirst -diabetic acidosis |
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Sodium (Na) low values due to... |
-GI fluid loss through NG tube drainage, vomiting, diarrhea -excessive use of laxatives or diuretics -excessive infusion without fluids -syndrome of inappropriate use of antidiuretic hormone secretion |
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Calcium (Ca) high values due to... |
-excessive intake of Ca -excessive intake of vitamin d -renal failure -hyperparathyroidism -bone cancer -immobility -steroid use -adrenal insufficiency |
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Calcium (Ca) low levels due to.. |
-lack of oral intake -lactose intolerance -inadequate intake of vitamin D - end-of-stage renal disease -low serum protein -alkalosis -acute pancreatitis -damage to parathyroid glands |
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Glucose normal range |
60-100 |
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Glucose high levels due to... |
-DM -gluconeogenesis with stress response -steroid use -excessive administration of glucose-containing fluids |
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Glucose low levels due too... |
-DM -excess insulin |
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Creatinine high levels due to.. |
-acute/chronic renal failure -end of stage renal disease -renal disease with destruction of nephrons -renal insufficiency -shock -rhabdomyolysis |
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Creatinine low levels due to... |
-atrophy of muscle tissue -hyperthyroidism -muscular dystrophy -paralysis |
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Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) normal range |
8-23 |
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Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) high levels due to... |
-dehydration -renal failure -renal insufficiency -excessive dietary protein -liver failure |
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Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) low levels due to... |
-overhydration -malnutrition |
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Hemoglobin (HGB) normal ranges |
Females: 11.7-16 Males: 13.1-17.2 |
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Hemoglobin (HGB) normal ranges |
Females: 11.7-16 Males: 13.1-17.2 |
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Hemoglobin (HGB) high levels due to... |
-dehydration -polycythemia -chronic pulmonary diseases -heart failure -high altitude |
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Hemoglobin (HGB) low levels due to... |
-dehydration -polycythemia -chronic pulmonary diseases -heart failure |
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Hematocrit Normal range |
35%-47% |
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Hematocrit High levels due to... |
-dehydration -polycythemia -chronic pulmonary diseases -heart failure |
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Hematocrit Low levels due to... |
-blood loss -anemia -renal failure with loss of erythropoietin
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White Blood Cells (WBC) Normal range |
4,500-11,000 |
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White Blood Cells (WBC) High levels due to... |
-acute infection -acute inflammation -stress -lymphoma -leukemia |
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White Blood Cells (WBC) Low levels due to... |
-bone marrow dyscrasia -use of immunosuppressant meds -systemic lupus erythematosus |
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Prothrombin Time (PT) Normal range |
11-15 sec |
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Prothrombin Time (PT) High levels due to... |
-coagulation defect -liver disease -anticoagulant use |
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Prothrombin Time (PT) Low levels due to... |
-coagulation disorder -extensive cancer |
