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23 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What do we recommend to to clients to ensure all flea life is gone

Treat for more than one more

List 3 purposes of having a fully-equipped in-clinic lab in a veterinary hospital.

Helps establish diagnosis


Source of income for practice


Tracks course of disease

Why do we sometimes send samples to external reference labs?

Sometimes they have better trained professionals or better equipment that might give us a clearer diagnostic.


They might also have some equipment that we wouldn't have that could also tell us more.

What creates an image by reflecting light through an object. Permits us to see tiny microorganisms that we can not see with the naked eye.

Microscope

Sustains at a constant temperature of 37c to permit optimal growth environment for microorganisms.

Incubator

Used to quantify constituents found in blood. Measures a variety of chemicals and enzymes in the flood to provide very general information about the status of organ health and function.

Blood chemistry analyzer

Used to measure the refractive index of a solution to determine it's concentration

Refractometer

Used to measure the quantity and quality of RBC's, WBC's and platelets.

Hematology analyzer

Used to separate substances of different densities that are in a solution. End up with a sediment and supernatent layer.

Centrifuge

You're trying to focus your microscope by moving your _____ and _______ adjustment knobs but are having a hard time seeing a clear image. What are some reasons you could be having difficulty and seeing a blurry image?

Coarse adjustment and fine adjustment knobs.



-The lens could be dirty.


-The slide or the coverslip could be dirty.


-Slide could be upside down.

What should you always do befote turning on a centrifuge.

-Ensure sample is properly balanced with a counter-weight


-Ensure all samples are tightly capped or that the open end of the tubes are toward the center of the centrifuge


-If tube is not labelled, record the position number of sample tube in the centrifuge


-Close and latch the lid of the centrifuge

The oculars will magnify your sample 10x automatically, so what strength of magnification am I seeing an image on the


4x


10x


40x


100x

40


100


400


1000

Which objective lens requires a drop of oil immersion?

The 100x lens

Fecal samples are considered fresh in the refrigerator for how long?

24 hours long

How would you calibrate a refractometer

Calibrated to a zero reading with a drop of distilled water

We learned that there are many different parasites that infect or infest many different parts of the body. As we cannot always see these parasites to give a positive diagnosis what kind of specimens are required to diagnose a potential parasitic infection in a laboratory?

Fecal sample?

List what we would want to record during a fecal gross exam

-Consistency


-Blood


-Color


-Mucus


-Age of feces if not fresh


-Macroscopic parasites

How do we prepare, what supplies is needed and what is the main focus of doing a direct smear

-Mix pin sized amount of feces on a slide with 1 drop of saline.


-Cover with cover slip ensuring entire cover slip is in contact with the liquid



Main focus- best method to detect motile protozoa

How do we prepare, what supplies is needed and what is the main focus of doing a fecal flotation

Pour solution (sodium nitrate, zinc sulfate, sugar solution, saturated sodium chloride, epsome salt) into fecalyzer until a positive meniscus is achieved. A cover slip is carefully placed on top and left for 20 minutes. After it's carefully lifted off without tipping and placed on a slide for examination.



Main focus - To allow parasitic material to float to the top while fecal matter sinks to the bottom.

How do we prepare, what supplies is needed and what is the main focus of doing a fecal centrifusion


Mix 2-5g of feces with 10ml flotation solution and pour through tea strainer or gauze into a cup. Pour strained solution into a 15ml tube. Centrifuge at 1200 rpm for 5 minutes. Add fresh flotation solution until a slightly inverted positive meniscus forms. Place cover slip and let stand for 10 minutes. Remove and place it liquid side down on a glass slide.



Main focus - Centrifuge force sends less dense eggs to the top fecal matter to the bottom.

How do we prepare, what supplies are needed and what is the main focus of doing a fecal sedimentation?

Feces and warm water are mixed and strained through a cheese cloth into centrifuge tube. Centrifuge the sample or allow to sit undisturbed for 30 minutes. Pour off supernatent and take a drop from the top and examine on a slide with a coverslip. Do the same for sediment



Main focus - primarily used to detect eggs, cysts or larvae that are too heavy to float

The fecal score char assessing the consistency of stools is on a 1-7 scale. Describe what you would expect to see with a stool sample scored as a


1


3


7

1) very hard and dry, look more like pellets


3) log shaped, little or no segmentation, moist surface. Leaves residue on ground but is firm when picked up.


7) watery, no texture, poop puddle

Why do we say that the only 100% reliable fecal result is a positive one? Why can't we say that a patient is free of parasites even though our analysis was negative?

We should simply say that no parasites were observed because sometimes we only test small amounts at a time. Some parasites are only intermittent shedders and there are a million different types of parasites.