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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The BLANK is found between the kidney and the urinary bladder
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ureters
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The BLANK is the terminal part of the nephron
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collecting duct
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Filtration occurs at the BLANK part of the nephron
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glomerulus
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What is the outer region of the kidney called that contains the glomeruli?
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cortex
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Describe the kidneys with regard to their position in relation to the parietal peritoneum
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retroperitineal
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What takes urine from the bladder to the exterior of the body?
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Urethra
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What blood vessel takes blood to the kidney?
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Renal artery
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On the posterior bladder is a triangular region. What is it called?
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Trigone
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Distal convoluted tubules flow directly into what structures?
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collecting ducts
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What is the renal papilla?
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The tip of a pyramid
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Name the protective capsule that covers a kidney
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fibrous capsule
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Blood in the glomerulus next flows to what arteriole?
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Efferent
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Which shows the greatest anatomical difference between the sexes: ureters, urinary bladder, or urethra?
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Urethra
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What histological feature distinguishes a proximal convoluted tubule from a distal convoluted tubule?
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microvilli
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Name the parts of the nephron
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glomerular capsule, PCT, loop of Henle, DCT, and collecting ducts
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What type of cell lines the bladder?
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Transitional epithelium
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What anatomical feature in females is responsible for the higher level of urinary tract infections in females?
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Urethra because it is very close to the anal canal
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What metabolic by-product from hemoglobin colors the urine yellow?
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Urochrome
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How can adequate water intake be judged by the color of urine?
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Better hydration = clear
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What is hematuria?
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blood in urine
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Which urine sediment material is probably due to reduced water intake?
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Crystals
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There are about 200 grams of protein in the blood plasma and normally none in urine. What mechanism keeps protein out of the urine, and what structure would be potentially damaged if protein was found in significant amounts in urine?
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Damaged filtration membrane, glomerulus keeps protein out of urine
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The kidneys are efficient at balancing the blood pH. It is critical that blood acidity remain constant. If excess hydrogen ions are present in the blood and increase blood acidity, the kidneys secrete the hydrogen ions. What effect would this have on the pH of urine?
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Decrease it, make it more acidic
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If your process 180 liters of water through the kidney each day yet produce only 1.8 liters of urine, what is the percent reabsorption of water?
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99%
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Assume that a person did not collect a midstream sample of urine but collected a sample from the beginning of urination. What additional materials might be in greater numbers in this sample?
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Bacteria, epithelial cells
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What is the name of the condition of having measurable amounts of glucose in urine?
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Glycosuria
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What must be present in urine to have the condition of ketonuria?
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Ketones
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Elevated levels of white blood cells produce what condition in urine?
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Pyuria
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What cells would be found in urine that originally came from the urethra?
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Epithelial cells
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What cells would be found in urine that came from the bladder?
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Transitional cells
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-- outermost part of the kidney
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fibrous capsule
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-- storage organ of the urinary system
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urinary bladder
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-- takes blood from the kidney
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renal vein
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-- separates the renal cortex from the medulla
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arcuate arteries
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-- receives urine from the renal papilla
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minor calyx
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-- leads directly to the renal pelvis
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major calyx
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