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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Parts to the microscope |
Base Light source + condenser Iris diaphragm Stage Objective lens Eye piece Arm Course focus Fine focus Stage movement control |
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Three levels of integumentary system |
Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous tissue |
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Eccrine gland |
Sweat gland |
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Sebaceous gland |
Oily sweat gland attached to the hair follicle |
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Arrector pili muscle |
Stands hair on end when cold |
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Structures associated with integumentary system |
Skin Nails Hair |
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6 Functions of integumentary system |
Regulation Protection Sensory Endocrine Excretion Blood Reservoir |
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The pH of blood is |
7.35 - 7.45 |
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Buffer in blood is able to protect the body from the effects of big changes in pH. What is the buffer? |
Bicarbonate buffer. NaHCO3 , phosphates and blood proteins
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Hydroxide ion OH- |
Basic (alkaline) |
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Hydrogen ion H+ |
Acid |
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What part does the skin play in your immune system |
First line of defense |
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How does the integumentary system interact with the digestive system |
Synthesis absorption of vitamin D and expels waste |
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Integumentary system and Nervous system interact how? |
Skin contains nerve receptors and sensory nerves to detect heat, pain, pressure. |
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Integumentary system and the cardiovascular system |
Blood and skin is used to remove waste and regulate temperature. Transportation of nutrients. Provides substances needed for secretion |
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Integumentary system and Digestive system |
Excretion of waste and Synthesis of vitamin D |
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Dermatitis |
Inflammation of the skin |
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Cellulitis |
Inflammation of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Bacterial infection |
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Melanoma |
Skin cancer. Fast growing melanocytes |
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Definition of an acid |
A substance which releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water |
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Passive cell transport = |
Osmosis and Defusion |
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Osmosis = |
Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from high to low pressure. Water will move if there is a difference in solute concentration. |
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Diffusion = |
Passive movement of solute from a region of high concentration to low concentration. |
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Red blood cells in a hypertonic solution will...... |
Shrivel due to fluid leaving the cells |
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Red blood cells in a hypotonic solution will..... |
Swell and burst due to fluid entering the cells |
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Safe solution to use intravenously is isotonic because |
It has the same osmolality to blood |
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Osmolality of blood is |
300mOsmol/kg |
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Intravenous solution for hydration and electrolytes is made up of.... |
150mmol/L Sodium 150mmol/L Chloride |
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Endocytosis = |
Taking in of matter by a living cell. |
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Phagocytosis |
Ingestion of bacteria
Leucocytes |
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Pinocytosis |
Ingestion of liquid into cells by budding of small vesicles |
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Exocytosis = |
Cellular secretion or excretion |
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Why is it important to regulate the rate of the IV infusion |
So you don’t burst or shrink the cells |
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Active transport uses energy. What are their characteristics? |
Selective, they choose what nutrients they take in or expel. |
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What parts of the cell are involved in active transport? |
Mitochondrial and bio-lipid cell membrane |
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Haematocrit (Hct) or Packed Cell Volume (PCV) is defined as the percentage of blood occupied by red blood cells using a Micro-haematocrit tube reader. Separated in 3 forms |
Plasma, clotting factors = Fibrinogen 64%
Buffy coat, white cells 1%
Red blood cells, 49% |
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If there is agglutination, then this is your blood type. B blood type has B antigen. What type of antibody does it have? |
A antibodies Antibodies are opposite to antigen |
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Why is O- the universal donor? |
O can be transferred to A, B and AB blood types because it has no antigens. |
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Why is A and B blood types classed as the universal receiver? |
Because A and B have no antibodies |
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What does the word auscultation mean? |
Listening to the heart rate and measure arterial pulse using a stethoscope |
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Palpate the pulse at the level of the wrist and describe what you feel? |
A pressure wave when the ventricles contract and pump blood through the body. |
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Places where pulse can be taken? |
Temporal lobe Carotid artery Brachial Radials Femoral Popliteal Porsalist or Pedist |
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Pulses/ min = |
Heart beats/ min |
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What part of the stethoscope is better for listening? Bell or Diaphragm? |
Diaphragm |
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Which lung volumes are measured when a person inhales as deeply as possible and exhales as forcefully as possible? |
Vital Capacity
IRV + VT + ERV |
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Rotation movement = |
Movement around an axis (Rotating upper body) |
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Circumduction = |
Moving arm in a circle (Abduction, flexion, adduction, extension) |
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Prone = |
Laying flat face down |
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Supine = (spine) |
Laying on the back |
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Planter flexion = |
Pointing foot down, pointing toes. |
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Dorsal flexion = |
Pulling toes up, heal down. |
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Inversion = |
Lifting the arch of the foot. |
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Eversion = |
Lifting outer foot, rolling on the arch. |
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Retraction = |
Pushing shoulders back, chest out. |
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Protraction = James |
Shoulders forward, chest concave. |
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Ligaments = |
Link bones. Found at joint where two bones connect |
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Tendons = |
Tie bones to muscles |
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Ligaments = (Connective tissue) |
Link bones. Found at joint where two bones connect |
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Buffers in the body includes |
Kidneys, Lungs Phosphates in blood |
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Name 3 types of bone joints |
Cartilaginous (ribs and sternum) Fibrous. (skull) Synovial (knee or elbow) |
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Where is synovial fluid located |
Where 2 or more bones meet. (Bones articulate with each other). |
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Synovial fluid is made up of plasma that is filtered in the synovial membrane capillaries. Describe the appearance and consistency of synovial fluid? |
Slippery clear, egg white consistency. Viscous non Newtonian fluid. |
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An example of a pelvis muscle is |
Deep transverse perineal muscle. |
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What instrument was used to do the Patellar Reflex experiment? |
Tendon/Reflex Hammer |
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Medulla functions |
Vomiting Coughing Sneezing |
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Hypothalamus functions |
Thirst Emotions Body temperature Sleep/Wake Endocrine |
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Limbic system |
Motivation Emotion Learning and memory |
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Medulla functions |
Vomiting Coughing Sneezing |
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Polysaccharides = |
Starch Cellulose Glycogen |
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Hypothalamus functions |
Thirst Emotions Body temperature Sleep/Wake Endocrine |
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Limbic system |
Motivation Emotion Learning and memory |
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How many pairs of cranial nerves are there? |
12 pairs |
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How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? |
31 pairs |
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What is the name of the unit used to measure sugar in the refractometers? |
Brix = sugar |
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What is the name of the unit used to measure sugar in the refractometers? |
Bricks = sugar |
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Monosaccharides are |
Glucose Fructose Galactose |
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Monosaccharides are |
Glucose Fructose Galactose |
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Disaccharides = |
Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose Galactose = Glucose + Lactose Maltose = Glucose + Glucose |
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What type of bonds are between glucose molecules? |
Covalent bonds |
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What is the function of enzymes? |
Aiding in digestion and metabolism |
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Explain the difference between amino acids and proteins? |
Proteins are a chain of amino acids attached by peptide bonds |
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What type of bonds hold together tertiary structure proteins? |
Hydrogen bonds |
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What two things will break hydrogen bonds and denature protein |
pH and Temperature |
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What is the name of the inner coat of the human eye? |
Retina (contains rods & cones) |
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Accommodation = |
Control of amount of light |
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Shape of the lens |
Biconvex
Cillary muscle relaxes and Flattens lens for distance vision. Cillary muscle contracts and lens is Convex for close vision |
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Convergence = |
Moving eye to focus |
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What tool was used to preform the Rinne or Weber hearing test? |
Tuning fork |
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When preforming an experiment, what is the baseline? |
Starting point for experiment Eg. Urinalysis, Empty bladder Record weight and time |
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Functions for perirenal fat on kidneys |
Insulation and Protection |
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1 Calyx = |
Cups coming off apex of renal medulla |
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Major Calyces = |
2 or more Calyx |
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pH of urine is between |
4.5 to 8 |
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Describe the glycogen molecule |
A branched structure made up of glucose |
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Refraction = |
Bending of rays |
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Choroid = |
Vascular tunic, middle Attached to the suspensory ligaments to the lens |
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3 substances that can diffuse across plasma membranes are? |
Oxygen Glucose Salt |
