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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
If a lens is in sharp focus on a specimen and an adjacent lens is swung into position with need for only minor adjustments in the focus, the lens is said to be_________ |
Parfocal |
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When a lens is rotated to a higher power, the diameter of the field your eye sees when looking through the microscope is______but the actual size of the specimen as measured on the slide is______ |
Smaller, the same |
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Total magnification of a lens system is calculated by_______the magnification of each lens is the system |
Multiplying |
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The microscope should be stored with the _______lens in the down position |
Low power |
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The resolving power of a lens depends directly on the _______of light used |
Wavelength |
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The distance between the specimen and the objective when it is in focus is called the _______p. |
Working distance |
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Numerical aperture is directly related to the ______ of ______of the glass in a lens |
index, refraction |
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A lens with a pH inscribed on the side would be found on a ________microscope |
Phase contrast |
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If the total magnification with 45X high-power objective is 225X, what would be the magnification of the ocular? |
225X/45X=5X |
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The resolution of a microscope is increased by: |
Using a shorter wavelength of light |
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Given: Blue light of wavelength 400nm, a condenser, and an objective with a numerical aperture of 1.2. What is the smallest resolvable object in mm diameter seen with such a microscope? |
d= 400/2.4= 1.6667=1.67x10-4 |
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Describe how immersion oil helps in viewing an object. |
The immersion oil creates an effect on increasing the objective lens diameter which then allows more light to be captured. |
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Ocular- eyepiece |
A series of lenses that usually magnify 10 times |
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Revolving nosepiece |
Rotates to change from one objective to another |
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Objective |
The lens closest to the object |
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Diaphragm |
Opens and closes with a lever controlling the amount of light striking the object |
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Condenser |
Condenses light waves into a cone, thereby preventing escape of light rays; raised and lowered to control amount of light striking object |
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Mechanical Stage |
Allows the slide to be moved |
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Base |
Supports entire microscope |
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Arm |
Supports upper portion of microscope |
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Coarse Adjustment |
Moves stage or body tube up and down rapidly for purposes of approximate focusing |
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Fine Adjustment |
Moves stage or body tube up and down very slowly for purposes of definitive focusing |
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Body Tube |
Raised and lowered in focusing some microscopes |
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The small amount of growth on the end of an inoculating loop is called an_______ |
Inocculum |
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A flame-sterilized inoculating______ is used to inoculate the medium. |
Loop |
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Aseptic technique is important to prevent self-infection and _______ of the culture medium. |
Contamination |
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In sterilizing your transfer loop, the ______ end most also be sterilized. |
Lower |
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Setting the culture cap down on the bench is a violation of ______. |
Aseptic Technique |
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When growth on or in a medium contains only a single species of microorganism, it is called a _______. |
Pure Culture |
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A term often used to describe cloudiness in broth media is _______. |
Turbidity |
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When a bacterial culture grows across the surface of a broth, the growth is referred to as a _______. |
Pellicle |
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Cells that settle to the bottom of a broth tube are referred to as ______. |
Sediment |
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Growth occurring as clumps suspended in the broth is referred to as ________. |
Flocculent |
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Growth around the margin of the surface of a broth tube but not across it is referred to as a _________. |
Ring Formation |
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Name one of the ingredients in nutrient broth: |
Peptone |
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An isolated population of bacteria growing on a solid medium is called a |
Colony |
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A slant culture of an organism which is used to make other subcultures is called a ______ culture. |
Stock |
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List three factors that might influence the cultural characteristics of an organism growing on an agar medium: |
1. Nutrients Available 2. Oxygen 3. Temperature |
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A word meaning "pigmentation" or "color" used to describe growth on an agar slant or colony is _______. |
Chromogenesis |
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The term used when a culture is placed at a particular temperature for a period of time is ___________. |
Incubation |
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When an inoculated tube is compared to an uninoculated tube for signs of difference, the uninoculated tube serves as a ______. |
Control |
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Bacterial cells are difficult to see because their index of refraction is very similar to ________ |
Water/Air |
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A good smear should appear only slightly_______ |
Turbid |
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A slant culture is generally considered a better source of organisms for staining than is a _______ culture |
Broth |
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An important consideration for the slide used for staining is that it can be_______ |
Clean |
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True or False: Tap water can be used to make smears because there are too few bacteria to see under oil immersion. |
True |
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A smear is best made if during the heating stage ______ heat is used |
Mild |
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True/False: Virtually everyone has bacteria in their saliva. |
True |
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The number of cells cited in the introduction will result in about 1 cell per oil immersion field when observed under the microscope. If you had ten cells per field, you would have about _______ bacteria per ml of your saliva |
5 Million |
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The large nucleated cells observed on saliva are most likely ________ |
Squamous |
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If cells stained with methylene blue are washed too long, the dye will be_________ |
Removed |
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A preparation made by mixing a loopful of water and a bit of agar slant culture on a glass slide is called a _______. |
Smear |
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The Gram stain is an example of a ________ stain |
Differential |
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All members of the genus Echerichia would be expected to be Gram_______ |
Negative |
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Endospores usually appear ________ in a completed Gram stain |
Clear |
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If your Staphylococcus aureus cells appear pink after Gram staining, the most likely cause was _________. |
Over Decolorizing |
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True/False: Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells have the same color after application of the first two Gram stain reagents. |
True |
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Generally speaking, endospore-forming bacteria would be Gram-_______. |
Positive |
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Gram reactions are reliable only for cultures ____ hours old or younger. |
24 |
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Unless the procedure specifically indicates otherwise, Gram stain smears are first _________. |
Air Dried |
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A smear when properly made should look _______. |
Faintly Cloudy |
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The most critical step in making the Gram stain is the application of the ____________. |
Decolorize |
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A culture that is too old may appear Gram-______when stained |
Negative |
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Carbolfuchsin stain is prepared by adding ________ to basic fuchin. |
Phenol |
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The acid-fast stain identifies microorganisms with a high _______content. The primary stain is not washed out by the _________ decolorizer, and the cells are said to be _________. |
Wax, Acid Alcohol, Acid-Fast |
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Members of the genus __________ are usually all acid-fast. |
Mycobacterium |
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Name two pathogenic acid-fast bacteria and the disease that each one causes |
Organism Disease Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Tuberculosis Mycobacterium Leprae Leprocy |
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Among bacteria, and acid-fast state is ___________. |
Uncommon |
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The acid-fast decolorizer must not be mistaken for the decolorizer in the _______ stain procedure. |
Gram |
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The primary stain in the acid-fast procedure is_________. |
Carbolfuchsin Red |
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When placing mixed cultures on a slide, it is important to _______ the inoculating loop between cultures. |
Sterilize |
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If asepsis is not practiced in the laboratory,________ of cultures will result. |
Contamination |
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As suggested in the introduction, bacterial growth means an increase in bacteria ________ instead of the size of one cell. |
Population |
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A good aid in determining the margin type of a bacterial colony is a _______ lens. |
Magnify |
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When you incubate a Petri plate, it should normally be placed in an incubator with the ______ side up. |
Bottom |
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A mass of cells growing on an agar surface is called a ______. |
Colony |
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The mass of cells in question 5 is usually derived from a ______ cell. |
Viable |
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Restreaking a colony for isolation several times is necessary to be reasonably sure that you have an ________ _______. |
Isolated Colony |
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In taking cells from a culture tube for streaking, it is important to ________ the end of the inoculating loop holder before entering the tube. |
Sterilize |
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Streaking a plate with the open face of the loop oriented vertically to the agar surface is a good way to ______ the agar. |
Gauge |
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Agar should be poured into a plate at a fairly cool temperature to avoid excess ________ on the inside of the lid. |
Condensation |
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The primary stain in the Schaeffer- Fulton method is _________ ________. |
Malachite Green |
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A trace element often used in media to stimulate endospore formation is _______. |
Maganese |
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Individual species of endospore forming bacterial characteristically form spores that have specific _______, _______, and may swell the cell or not. |
Location, shape |
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The genus _______ is an aerobic sporeforming genus. One species, _______ ________, causes the disease ______. |
Bacillus, Bacillus Anthracis, Anthrax |