Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
36. Where do blood cells first appear in fetal life?
|
yolk sac
|
|
37. Which type of lymphocyte is responsible for cell-mediated immunity?
|
- T cells, T lymphocytes
|
|
38. Which type of lymphocyte is responsible for humoral immunity?
|
- B cells, B lymphocytes
|
|
39. What is the normal percentage of T cells in healthy adult peripheral blood?
|
- Really shouldn’t see any in the blood smear of a healthy individual
|
|
40. What is the normal range for plasma cells in healthy adult peripheral blood?
|
- Really shouldn’t see any in the blood smear of a healthy individual
|
|
31. What is the normal range for lymphocytes in young children? Why is it higher than the normal range in older children and adults?
|
- 30 – 70% in healthy kids – immune system is developing to environment
- 20 – 40% in healthy adults |
|
32. The nucleus of a small lymphocyte is comparable in size to which other blood cell?
|
- Erythrocyte (red blood cell)
|
|
33. What are the two characteristics of the nucleus of a mature lymphocyte?
|
- Clumped nuclear material (chromatin)
- Dark blue staining nucleus - Round nucleus |
|
34. Are small mature lymphocytes capable of responding to antigenic stimuli?
|
- Yes. They’re still immunologically competent.
|
|
35. Name four conditions in which one might see reactive lymphocytes.
|
- Bad infection
- Autoimmune disease - Allergic reaction to a drug - Infectious mononucleosis - Hairy cell leukemia - Mumps - Hepatitis (Heather) - CMV ( Heather) - Shingles (Heather) |
|
1. Where do all blood cells originate?
|
- Hematopoietic stem cells (CD34+ antigen)
- In the bone marrow: hematopoietic stem cell → progenitor myeloid and monocytic cells → neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes |
|
2. In normal blood cell development what occurs to the size of the nucleus?
|
decreases
- Decrease in relative size of nucleus - Relative increase in amount of cytoplasm - The size of the cell also decreases as the cell matures |
|
3. How would you characterize the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio of immature blood cells?
|
- Greater, as in the nucleus is larger and there is less cytoplasm
|
|
4. What is the most reliable criterion of the level of maturation of a blood cell?
|
- Nuclear chromatin: less visible as the cell matures
- In the granulocytic line, it has to do with the presence/absence of granules in the cytoplasm |
|
5. What is the significance of the nucleoli in the nucleus of a developing blood cell?
|
-Sign of cellular immaturity
|
|
6. Know which populations (immature and mature) have granules.
|
-Basophils
-Eosinophils -Neutrophils -(Myelocytic Line) -Stem cells do not have granules! -blasts do not have granules! |
|
7. Know the names and correct order for the maturation sequence of the myelocytic WBCs. (Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil)
|
CFU GM
Stem cell Myeloblast (blast becomes a cyte when it developes granules) Promyelocyte (becomes a myelocyte when granules get distinct staining) Myelocyte Metamyelocyte Band Segmented (Neutrophil, Eosinophil, or Basophil) |
|
Know the names and correct order for the maturation sequence of the myelocytic WBCs. (Monocyte)
|
CFU GM
Monoblast Promonocyte Monocyte |
|
8. What two dyes make up the Wright’s stain?
|
Blue/azure basic: Methylene Blue
Red/orange acidic: Eosin Red |
|
9. When does a myeloblast become a promyelocyte?
|
When it develops primary granules
|
|
11. What is the “dawn of neutrophilia”?
|
Light area of pinkish secondary granules near the nucleus
The first sign of neutrophil differentiation Identifies the cell as a neutrophilic myelocyte |
|
12. What is the normal range for neutrophilic bands in a healthy adult?
|
Circulation: 1 to 5% (50 to 500 per μL)
|
|
13. What is meant by a “shift to the left”?
|
- An increase in bands, non segmented forms of cells, and/or immature neutrophils
|
|
14. In which conditions might one see hypersegmented neutrophils? Are they pathognomonic in any conditions?
|
Decreased B12 (pernicious anemia)
Decreased folate (Hypersegmented = more than 5 lobules) |
|
15. Know the definition of a band
|
Nucleus indented to more than half the distance from the farthest nuclear margin
Opposite edges of nucleus become parallel giving horseshoe appearance Chromatin between the 2 distinct margins Less mature than a segmented cell. More mature than a metamyelocyte |
|
16. When does a myelocyte mature into a metamyelocyte?
|
When the nucleus of a myelocyte begins to have an indentation
|
|
17. What is the characteristic feature of neutrophils in Pelger-Huet anomaly?
|
hypolobulation of the nucleus of granulocytes
(neutrophils won’t have more than 2 lobules) |
|
18. When might toxic granulation be seen in neutrophils?
|
(Prominent purplish and blue-black granules)
Severe infection and other toxic states (poisoning, burns) |
|
19. Auer rods are found in which blood cells?
|
Blasts
seen in pt with AML |
|
19. What is the normal range for eosinophils in a healthy adult?
|
Blood: 1 to 3 % (50 to 300 per μL)
|
|
20. Know which of the WBCs are phagocytic.
|
- Dendritic cells
- Monocytes/Macrophages - Neutrophils |
|
21. Name the two main chemicals found in the granules of basophils.
|
- Histamine
- Heparin |