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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the test for small sugars? (mono/di sacherides)
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Bededict's reagent
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What are the limitations of Benedict's reagent?
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Can't determine type of sugar, doesn't work for sucrose
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What represents a positive Benedict's test?
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A colored (yellow, green, orange or red) percipitate forms
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What represents a negative Benedict's test?
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a clear substance
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In the Benedict's test what can be used as a control.
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water + benedicts
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What is the test for small sugars? (mono/di sacherides)
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Bededict's reagent
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What are the limitations of Benedict's reagent?
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Can't determine type of sugar, doesn't work for sucrose
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What represents a positive Benedict's test?
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A colored (yellow, green, orange or red) percipitate forms
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What represents a negative Benedict's test?
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a clear substance
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In the Benedict's test what can be used as a control.
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water + benedicts
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What reagent is used to test for the resence of starch?
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Iodine reagent
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What constitutes a positive result for an iodine test?
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a dark blue/purple color
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What constitutes a negative result for an iodine test?
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an amber color
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What are the limitations to an iodine reagent?
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After a certain time and/or hydrolisis starchs helical structure breaks down and the iodine can no longer bind to it.
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What monosacherides will result from the hydrolisis of sucrose?
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glucose and fructose
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What monosacheride will result for the hydrolisis of starch?
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gluctose
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What is hydrolisis?
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the process by which polysacherides are broken down into their components
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What is used as a test for the presence of proteins?
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Biruets reagent
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What constitutes a positive Birutet test?
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A blue or lavender color
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How did we perform a serial dilution?
For 5 test tubes? What will be the concentration of each? |
Start with a stock sample of a substance (40mg/ml of BSA for example)
pipette 5ml of water into 4 tubes 1-4 Pipette 9.5 ml of water into tube 5 Using a 1ml pipette add .5 of the stock BSA into tube 5 and mix Remove 5 ml (half) of this solution and put it into tube 4 repeat for all The stock solution will have a concentation of 40,000μg/ml, tube 5 will have 2000μg/ml, tube 4 will have 1000μg/ml |
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How do you blank a Spec?
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1. set wavelength
2. set 0%transmitance with NO blank in chamber 3. put in blank and set transmitance to 100% 4. Switch to absorbance |
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What is an assay?
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A means of detecting and measuring the activity of an enzyme
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How is enzyme activity expressed?
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amount of substrate used per unit of time
or amount of product produced per unit of time |
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What is a compound that is colorless but yeilds a colored product upon reaction called?
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a chromogenic substance
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What was the enzyme used in the Enzyme lab called?
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phosphatase
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What were the substrates for the enzyme lab I ?
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(chromogenic substance) p-nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP)
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What was the product for the enzyme lab I?
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(colored product)p-nirtophenol (PNP)
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When does p-nirtophenol (PNP) turn yellow?
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Under high pH
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Why was NaOH added to the enzyme reaction
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stop reaction and raise pH
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Why do you establish a standard curve?
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In order to convert the value of absorbance into concentration of protein
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How do you establish a standard curve?
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Make known concentrations of enzyme with varying concentrations of product, and controled concentrations of buffer, protein, NaOH
test absorbance and plot |
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What kind of a graph do you expect to get if you vary the amount of enzyme but keep the substrate the same?
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linear relationship
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How do you find the mass of a product?
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Conc. (u moles/liter) X Volume (L) = Mass PNP (u moles)
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How do you find the concntration of a product?
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net absorbace solved for standar curve
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How do you find the volume of product?
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C1V1 = C2V2
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how do you recognize a cell that is hypertonic?
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it is shrivaled inside the cell wall because water has exited the cell
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what does it mean to be hypertonic
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there is a higher concentrantion of solutes OUTSIDE of a cell
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what does it mean to be hypotonic
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there is a higher concentration of solutes inside the cell
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what does it mean to be isotonic
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same concentration of solutes inside and outside the cell.
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How do you recognize a hypotonic cell
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there is high turgor pressure: the cell is swollen
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In the alcohol fermentation lab what are you measuring?
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CO2 evolved
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In the alcohol fermentation lab what does amound of CO2 evolved indicate
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relative rate of fermentation
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In the cellular respiration lab why is the mitochondrial suspension kept on ice?
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to keep it from degrading
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In the cellular respiration lab why is sucrose added to the mitichondrial suspension?
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to maintain an osmotic balence
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What is DPIP and why is it used in the cellular respiration lab?
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DPIP is an electron acceptor that intercepts the hydrogen ions and electrons released from succinate, changing the DPIP to a reduced state changing its color form blue to clear. we can use this color change to measure the rate of respiration
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In the cellular respiration lab where does DPIP get hydrogen ions from?
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succinate (in the Krebs cycle)
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In the phososynthesis lab what was used as a supply of CO2?
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sodium bicarbonate
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in a chi square table for a dihybryd cross what constitutes a deviation explained by chance?
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greater than .05
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How do you calculate deviation in a chi square?
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deviation= (observed-expected)²/expected
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How do you calculate number expected in a chi square?
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(total #) x (mendelean prediction) = number expected
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How do you identify a drisophela male?
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a dark genital disk
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how do you identify a female drisophela
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a white pointed bottom
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What are wild type eyes in drisophela
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large red eyes
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