Lab Midterm 1-3

Front 1

this microscope uses a combination of two lenses to magnify an image.

Back 1

Compound Micrscope

Front 2

this knob is used to raise the body tube slowly until the specimen comes into focus

Back 2

Course adjustment knob.

Front 3

This knob is used to sharpen the focus.

Back 3

fine adjustment knob

Front 4

Whenever a higher power objective is in place us this knob to refocus

Back 4

fine adjustment knob

Front 5

These microscopes always have two eyepieces

Back 5

Dissecting Microscopes

Front 6

When the specimen can be from above or below

Back 6

illumination

Front 7

This is the light source above the specimen

Back 7

reflected light

Front 8

This is the light source under the specimen

Back 8

transmitted light

Front 9

When you multiply the power of the ocular lens by the power of the objective lens

Back 9

total magnification

Front 10

This is the unit commonly used for measuring microscopic specimens

Back 10

micrometer

Front 11

At ____ magnifications the field of view covers a much smaller portion of the specimen

Back 11

higher

Front 12

diameter measured under low power X the power of the low magnification divided by the power of the higher magnification

Back 12

Unknown diameter under higher power

Front 13

This is a fast moving organism covered with beating hair-like cilia.

Back 13

Paramecium

Front 14

This slows down swimming organisms by "thickening" the water

Back 14

Proto-slo

Front 15

These are proteins that catalyze (speed up) vital biochemical reactions by reducing the "activation energy" neded to get the reaction going

Back 15

Enzymes

Front 16

These can be used over and over again, are extremely specific, are extremely reactive and function best within a narrow range of temp. and pH (acidity)

Back 16

Enzymes

Front 17

Acidity is measured in terms of a unit called

Back 17

pH

Front 18

This device measures how "dark" a liquid is

Back 18

Spec 20

Front 19

THis shins a beam of light through the liquid test tube and measures how much of the light is absorbed as it passes through the test tube

Back 19

Spec 20

Front 20

This was used to measure the rate of browning (benzoquinone formation) under different conditions

Back 20

Spec 20

Front 21

Why is a blank test tube used?

Back 21

It is used because the startin solution of enzyme and substrate isn't perfectly clear and absorbs light even before the browning reaction begins

Front 22

Why do we set the wavelength of the spec 20 to 540 nanometers?

Back 22

It absorbs benzoquinone better.

Front 23

What's an example of a good source of enzyme catecholase?

Back 23

potato extract

Front 24

This is the vitally important by which water moves in and out of cells

Back 24

Osmosis

Front 25

This is the net movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

Back 25

Diffusion

Front 26

This is the net movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane

Back 26

Osmosis

Front 27

This allows small molecules to pass through them, but not larger molecules like sugar and dye.

Back 27

Semi-permeable

Front 28

Because sucrose molecules can't get out, their presence will keep the concentrations of water molecules always lower inside the bag compared to the pure water outside the bag

Back 28

rtgrtg

Front 29

the passive movement (diffusion) of water across a semi-permeable membrane in response to differences in pressure and solute concentrations on either side of the membrane.

Back 29

The formal definition of osmosis

Front 30

This is the tendency of water to move into a cell

Back 30

Osmotic pressure

Front 31

This is a device designed to measure osmotic pressure by measuring the amount of internal hydrostatic pressure needed to stop the movement of water into a cell

Back 31

Osmotic pressure

Front 32

THis is measured by the height of the column after the fluid level has stopped rising.

Back 32

osmotic pressure

Front 33

The fluid stops rising when the water pressure inside the bag is increased to the point where it is equal to the osmotic pressure.

Back 33

erfrwg

Front 34

solute concentrations are higher in the environment than they are inside the cell

Back 34

hypertonic

Front 35

solute concentrations are lower outside than inside and water moves into the cell

Back 35

hypotonic environments

Front 36

solute concentrations are the same outside as inside so there is no net water movement

Back 36

isotonic environments

Front 37

this is the pressure exerted on the cell wall by the fluid contents of the cell

Back 37

turgor pressure

Front 38

The shrinking of the cell membrane away from the cell wall

Back 38

plasmolysis

Front 39

this cell is invisible because because it is pressed up against the inner surface of the cell wall.

Back 39

Turgid cell

Front 40

The cell membrane is visible because it has pulled back away from the cell wall

Back 40

plasmolyzed cell

Front 41

number of plasmolyzed cells divided by the number of cells counted times 100

Back 41

Percentage of cells plasmolyzed