Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
151 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What should always be the primary consideration of the veterinary technician? |
The animal's well-being. |
|
|
The automation or mechanistic philosophical view on animals, supported by Rene Descartes, states that animals are ________ that ____ __ ____. |
machines; feel no pain |
|
|
The religious or dominion philosophical view on animals says that animals were put here by ___ and are not _______ _____. |
God; morally equal |
|
|
The utilitarian philosophical view on animals says that they feel pain and that the _______ of use must outweigh the _________. |
benefit; suffering |
|
|
SCAW supports the idea that ______ _________ is complementary to ____ _______. What does SCAW stand for? |
humane treatment; good science Scientists Center for Animal Welfare |
|
|
UFAW tries to approach animal welfare from the animal's _____ __ ____, with the goal being to simulate the animal's ________ and _____. What does UFAW stand for? |
point of view; behavior; needs Universities Federation of Animal Welfare |
|
|
What federation holds to the three R's proposed by Russel and Burch? |
The Universities Federation of Animal Welfare (UFAW). |
|
|
What are the three R's proposed by Russel and Burch? |
Reduction, replacement, and refinement. |
|
|
This group is classified by the FBI as a terrorist group. |
Animal Liberation Front (ALF). |
|
|
What is the twenty-eight hour law of 1873? |
It stated that livestock being transported to market must be rested and watered at least once ever 28 hours during their journey. First federal law protecting animals against abusive treatment. |
|
|
Who signed into law the AWA? |
Lyndon B Johnson |
|
|
Who decides which animals will be regulated under the AWA? |
The Secretary of Agriculture |
|
|
What genus of mice, and genus of rats, are excluded under the AWA? |
Mice: Mus Rats: Rattus |
|
|
All research facilities undergo unannounced inspections by personnel from ______________. |
Regulatory Enforcement Animal Care (REAC) |
|
|
Class A dealers __________________, whereas Class B dealers _______________. |
raise their own animals; buy and resell animals |
|
|
What is an IACUC and what does it do? |
Institutional Animal Care andUse Committee. Oversees regulatory compliance at an animal institution |
|
|
An IACUC must include at least what 3 roles? |
1) DVM (preferably ACLAM) 2) Participating scientist 3) Public member |
|
|
ILAR first published this book in 1963. |
The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. |
|
|
What is the Controlled Substance Act? |
Governs the use of any drug that people have the potential to abuse. |
|
|
What is the Biologic Hazards Act? |
Governs the control of humanpathogens, such as ebola, rabies, anthrax, etc. |
|
|
What is the Lacey Act? |
Governs the import, export, andinterstate commerce of foreign wildlife. Restricts importation of live specimens of harmful species. |
|
|
What is the Endangered Species Act? |
Provides the conservation ofendangered and threatened species of fish, wildlife, and plants. |
|
|
What is the Marine Mammal Protection Act? |
Requires that all marinemammals, and parts thereof, be imported, taken, possessed, purchased,sold, and/or transported under permit. |
|
|
What is the major goal of a facility's macroenvironment? |
To attain a "shell" |
|
|
Why is it important to maintain the right room temperature for lab animals? |
A temperature too high or too low can induce stress. |
|
|
What is the ideal temperature range for mice, rats, hamsters, gerbils, and guinea pigs? |
20-26 degrees C (68-79 degrees F) |
|
|
What is the ideal temperature range for rabbits? |
16-22 degrees C (61-72 degrees F) |
|
|
What is the ideal temperature range for cats, dogs, and nonhuman primates? |
18-29 degrees C (64-84 degrees F) |
|
|
What is the ideal temperature range for farm animals and poultry? |
16-27 degrees C (61-81 degrees F) |
|
|
Rats get ________ at too low humidity. |
ring tail |
|
|
What is the ideal humidity of a lab animal facility? |
30-70% relative humidity; 45-55% is best |
|
|
How many changes of air per hour are required for a lab animal facility? |
10 to 15 |
|
|
What are some examples of positive pressure rooms? |
Surgical suites, barrier rooms, animal rooms |
|
|
What are some examples of negative pressure rooms? |
Animal quarantine, biohazard room, infectious animal rooms |
|
|
Bright lights can damage the retinas of ______ rats and mice. |
albino |
|
|
____ can be put in wall blocks to reduce noise. |
Sand |
|
|
What are the environmental variables of a lab animal facility? |
Temperature, humidity, ventilation, lighting, and noise |
|
|
What are the support areas of a lab animal facility? |
|
|
|
Quarantine is for __________ animals, whereas isolation is for ______ animals. |
newly arrived; sick |
|
|
___________ of new animals is done in quarantine. |
conditioning |
|
|
What are the animal room requirements of a lab animal facility? |
Room surfaces, floors, door, and drains |
|
|
The materials of the walls and ceiling of an animal room should be able to stand ____________ water that is ______. |
high-pressure; heated |
|
|
What kind of ceiling should be avoided in an animal room? |
False ceilings |
|
|
Floors must be properly sloped toward the ______. |
drains |
|
|
Doors should be covered with a __________________, whether ______________ or tough _______, to extend their life expectancy. |
protective device; stainless steel; plastic |
|
|
True or false: animal rooms should have hollow doors. |
False |
|
|
How large should the drains of an animal room be? |
6 inches in diameter or larger |
|
|
What is required of a conventional lab animal facility design? |
No special requirements except controlling the environmental variables, and no provisions for "clean/dirty" traffic flow. |
|
|
Clean/dirty lab setups allow personnel to better maintain _______ traffic flow. They lead to less _____________. There are 2 doors: _____ and _____. |
one-way; contamination; clean; dirty |
|
|
What are the cage design factors? |
Comfort, safety, security, sanitation, functionality, accessibility, visibility, regulations. |
|
|
How tall does a lab animal cage have to be? |
Tall enough for the animal to stand in a "comfortable position" and change positions. |
|
|
How do you calculate the amount of cage space a lab animal needs? |
1) Measure animal length in inches (from tip of nose to base of tail), then add 6 inches 2) Square it 3) Divide by 144 Gives you amount in square inches, divide by 12 to get square feet. |
|
|
When selecting the mesh size for the bottom of a cage, what is important to consider? |
The size of the animal's feet |
|
|
What kinds of animals are adept at escaping cages? |
Non-human primates |
|
|
Cage material must be able to withstand (3 things). |
hot water, abrasive chemicals, and steam |
|
|
This material tends to be the best material for cages, but it is also the most expensive. |
stainless steel |
|
|
Why is functionality important in cage design? |
The animal may be used for specific research projects, and the cage should be the right kind for that project. |
|
|
Why is accessibility important in cage design? |
The animal care tech should be able to easily access the animal, and the cage must facilitate nutrition. |
|
|
Cages that don't allow for easy visibility may (2 things). |
- cause important data to be missed - lead to potential health problems |
|
|
Where can you find regulations for animal caging? |
The Animal Welfare Act and The ILAR Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. |
|
|
What are some drawbacks of using galvanized steel cages? |
It's very heavy, can't withstand modern cleaners and sanitizers, and they sometimes have a zinc coating which can be toxic to animals if they chew on the cage. |
|
|
What are some advantages of using aluminum cages? |
They are lightweight, sanitize easily, and are resistant to corrosion. |
|
|
Stainless steel is the preferred metal for most lab animals, except rodents. Why don't you want to use it for rodents? |
It conducts too much heat away from them, and makes them too cold. |
|
|
How long do stainless steel cages last? |
At least ten years (if maintained properly). |
|
|
Polycarbonate is the most commonly used plastic for lab animal cages, and can stand up to a number of cleaning and sterilization regimens, but it is not recommended for ___________. |
autoclaving |
|
|
Polypropylene (what SCCC uses) has high heat and impact resistance, and is frequently found in use in __________________. |
breeding colonies |
|
|
Which plastic is clear to light amber in color, can be autoclaved up to 300 degrees F for 30 minutes, and is used for biohazards? |
polysulfone |
|
|
Which plastic is very low cost, making it good for disposable cages, and can be machine-washed at temperatures lower than 180 degrees F? |
polystyrene |
|
|
Which plastic is least used and highly resistant to chemical? |
polyethylene |
|
|
What is the standard cage shape for small rodents just being housed? |
shoebox |
|
|
What is a suspended cage used for? |
Research studies in which the Principal Investigator wants to check body excretions. |
|
|
What is a metabolism cage? |
A specialized cage used for collecting urine and feces of research animals. |
|
|
What is a restraining cage? |
A device used to immobilize the animal for a procedure. |
|
|
Which cage is highly utilized for non-human primates? |
squeeze cage |
|
|
What are transport cages usually made from? |
cardboard |
|
|
What do pens/activity cages allow an animal to do? |
Exercise and interact with enrichment devices. |
|
|
What are isolation chambers? |
Specialized cages that hold animals to facilitate their use for exposure to test materials that are inhaled. |
|
|
What kinds of cages are used for immunocompromised animals? |
microisolators |
|
|
What accessories and equipment might you need (depending on the animal) for a lab animal cage? |
Cage lid, bowls, J-feeders, buckets, water bottles, automatic watering devices |
|
|
What factors should be considered when selecting bedding for a lab animal cage? |
Availability, absorbency, toxicity, that it's non-nutritive, comfort, disposability, and cost. |
|
|
How many mice are used annually in lab research? |
10.5 million |
|
|
How are strains of lab mice identified? |
The producer or company that breeds them. |
|
|
What is the genus and species of the lab mouse? |
Mus musculus |
|
|
What is the class, order, and family of mice and rats? |
Class -Mammalia Order - Rodentia Family - Muridae |
|
|
Do male or female mice have spleens 50% larger than the other sex? |
Males |
|
|
What is the dental formula for mice, rats, and gerbils? |
2 (1/1, 0/0, 0/0, 3/3) |
|
|
Where is the breast tissue of a female mouse located? |
Extends from the ventral midline over the flanks, thorax, and portions of the neck |
|
|
Normal TPR of a mouse? |
T - 37.1 C (98.8 F) P - 427-697 BPM R - 91-216/min |
|
|
What is the normal food and water consumption of a mouse? |
Food - 15g/100g/day Water - 15g/100g/day |
|
|
Do male or female mice fight? |
Male |
|
|
How much space do mice need in their cages? |
At least 97 sq cm (15 sq inches) of floor space per adult. |
|
|
What are some uses of laboratory rats? |
Aging Drugs (effects and toxicity) Cavities Vitamin effects Bheavior Alcoholism/drug effects Arthritis Infectious diseases |
|
|
Why are rats better candidates for anatomical research than mice? |
they're bigger |
|
|
What are the most common strains of rats used in labs? |
Sprague-Dawley (albino), Wistar (albino), and Long-Evans (hooded). |
|
|
What organ do rats lack? |
Gall bladder |
|
|
What substance makes a rat's tears appear red, and where does it come from? |
Porphyrin from the Harderian gland |
|
|
Normal TPR for a rat? |
T - 37.7°C (99.9°F) P – 313-493 BPM R – 71-146/min |
|
|
What is the normal food and water consumption of a rat? |
Food - 10g/100g/day Water - 10mL/100g/day |
|
|
When might female rats fight amongst each other? |
When they're post-parturient. |
|
|
How much cage space do rats need? |
40 square inches of floor space per adult, and the cage should be at least 7 inches in height |
|
|
What is the class, order, and family of the gerbil and the hamster? |
Class: Mammalia Order: Rodentia Family: Cricetidae |
|
|
Gerbils have unique physiological traits that make them good models for studying what conditions? |
Epilepsy, infectious diseases, parasitology, water conservation, and lipid metabolism |
|
|
What species has a distinct ventral abdominal pad composed of large sebaceous glands? |
Gerbil |
|
|
Are higher PCVs, hemoglobin levels, and total leukocyte counts found in male or female gerbils? |
Male |
|
|
What species might have some erythrocytes with prominent polychromasia and basophilic stippling? |
Gerbils |
|
|
Normal TPR for a gerbil? |
T – 38.2°C (100.8°F) P - 260-600 BPM R - 85-160/min |
|
|
What is the normal food and water consumption of a gerbil? |
Food: 5g/100g/day Water: 5mL/100g/day |
|
|
What species is too curious for behavioral studies? |
gerbils |
|
|
What two species will usually return to their cage if they escape? |
Gerbils and rats |
|
|
Do male or female gerbils fight more? |
Neither. They usually live peacefully in mixed groups of either sex if they're raised together |
|
|
Young gerbils are rarely cannibalized, except (3 factors) |
- excessive handling of young (by people) - small litters - lack of concealment |
|
|
How often can a gerbil's bedding be changed? |
Once a week |
|
|
How often should a mouse's bedding be changed? |
At least twice a week |
|
|
How often should a rat's bedding be changed? |
Once or twice a week |
|
|
Gerbils can contract Tyzzer's disease, which is caused by (etiological agent). |
Clostridium piliforme |
|
|
Where did hamsters originate? |
The Middle East |
|
|
What kinds of studies are hamsters used for? |
Dental research (caries) Protozoal infections Histocompatibility Hypothermia and cancer research Infectious diseases Physiological studies |
|
|
What color varieties of hamster are there? |
Wild/reddish brown, cinnamon, cream, white, piebald |
|
|
What is unique about a hamster's cheek pouches? |
They have a high immunologic tolerance to homografts and heterografts. |
|
|
Males of which species have prominent flank glands? |
Hamsters |
|
|
Which species has a forestomach similar to that of ruminants? |
Hamsters |
|
|
What is the normal TPR of a hamster? |
T – 37.6 C (99.7 F) P – 410-470 BPM R – 38 – 110/min |
|
|
What is the normal food and water consumption of a hamster? |
Food - 15g/100g/day Water - 10mL/100g/day |
|
|
Which species pseudohibernates? |
Hamsters |
|
|
Pregnancy in a hamster can be detected by the absence of ___________________ at 5-9 days. |
post-mating discharge |
|
|
Why shouldn't you disturb a hamster and her litter for at least 7 days postpartum? |
She is more likely to cannibalize the whole litter. |
|
|
How much cage floor space do hamsters generally need? What is the exception? |
19 square inches per animal Breeding females need 150 square inches |
|
|
What disease in humans has been associated with contact to hamsters? |
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) |
|
|
What are two conditions hamsters are prone to? |
Wet tail and dermatitis |
|
|
What is the class, order, and family of the guinea pig? |
Class: Mammalia Order: Rodentia Family: Cavidae |
|
|
What kinds of studies are guinea pigs used for? |
Human infections Immunology Genetics Otology Nutrition Gnotobiology |
|
|
What is the preferred strain of guinea pigs for pet and laboratory usage? |
English |
|
|
Which species has a palatal ostium? |
Guinea pigs |
|
|
How many nipples do guinea pigs have? |
1 pair in the inguinal region |
|
|
What is the dental formula of a guinea pig? |
2(1/1, 0/0, 1/1, 3/3) = 20 |
|
|
The female of which species has a vaginal membrane that closes the orifice except during estrus and parturition? |
Guinea pigs |
|
|
Which species has a lower erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume than most other rodents? |
Guinea pigs |
|
|
Normal TPR for a guinea pig? |
T: 37.2 – 39.5 C (99-103.1 F) P: 240-310 BPM R: 42-104/minute |
|
|
Normal food and water consumption of a guinea pig? |
Food: 6g/100g/day Water: 10mL/100g/day |
|
|
Guinea pigs have a male-dominated hierarchy. What behavior do dominant males exhibit to other males? |
Barbering |
|
|
What is estrus characterized by in the guinea pig? |
Lordosis reflex |
|
|
How often should a guinea pig cage be changed? |
Weekly |
|
|
In which species is stampeding and erratic behavior common if the animal gets frightened? |
Guinea pigs |
|
|
In which species can antibiotic toxicity occur? |
Guinea pigs |
|
|
How many breeds and varieties of rabbits exist? |
45 breeds, 77 varieties |
|
|
What is the most common breed of rabbit used in lab research? |
New Zealand White |
|
|
How many pairs of nipples do female rabbits have? |
4-5 |
|
|
What is the dental formula of a rabbit? |
2(2/1, 0/0, 3/2, 3/3) = 28 |
|
|
Females of which species have two cervixes and no uterine body? |
Rabbits |
|
|
Normal TPR of a rabbit? |
T: 38.5-40 C (101.3-104 F) P: 180-250 BPM R: 30-60/min |
|
|
Normal food and water consumption of a rabbit? |
Food Consumption: 5g/100g/day Water Consumption: 5-15mL/100g/day |
