Lab 9 Quiz Study

Front 1

What is the significance of the fact that the human trachea is reinforced with cartilage rings; Of the fact that the rings are incomplete posteriorly?

Back 1

The cartilage rings in the trachea reinforce the trachea walls to keep its passageway open regardless of the pressure changes that occur during breathing. The open parts of these cartilage rings allow the esophagus to expand anteriorly when large pieces of food are swallowed.

Front 2

What is the function of the pleural membranes?

Back 2

The pleural membranes produce lubricating serous fluid that causes them to adhere closely to one another, holding the lungs to the thoracic wall and allowing them to move easily against one another.

Front 3

Name two functions of the nasal cavity mucosa:

Back 3

The nasal cavity mucosa warms, moistens, and filters air.

Front 4

Define external respiration:

Back 4

External respiration exchanges gas to and from the pulmonary circuit blood and occurs in the blood.

Front 5

Define Internal respiration:

Back 5

Internal respiration exchanges gases to and from the blood capillaries of the systemic circulation.

Front 6

The tracheal epithelium is ciliated and has goblet cells. What is the function of each of these modifications?

Back 6

The cilia push mucus and dust off of the lungs. The goblet cells produce mucus.

Front 7

The tracheal epithelium is said to be "pseudostratified." Why?

Back 7

All of the cells of the pseudostratified epithelium rest on the basement membrane. However, some of its cells are shorter than others are and their nuclei appear at different heights. As a result, the epithelium gives a false impression that it is stratified.

Front 8

Why does oxygen move from the alveoli into the pulmonary capillary blood?

Back 8

Due to simple diffusion, oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood because the concentration of O2 is higher in the alveoli.

Front 9

What structural characteristic of the alveoli makes them an ideal site for the diffusion of gases?

Back 9

Thin walls, extremely large surface area.

Front 10

forms the Adam's apple

Back 10

thyroid cartilage

Front 11

a "lid" for the larynx

Back 11

epiglottis or elastic cartilage

Front 12

broader anteriorly

Back 12

cricoid cartilage

Front 13

External nares ®____(1) ____ ®____ (2) ____ ® ____ (3) ____ ® ____ (4) ____ ®

____ (5) ____ ® ____ (6) ____ ® ____ (7) ____ ® ____ (8) ____ ®____ (9) ____ ®

____ (10) ____ ® ____ (11) ____ ® ____ (12) ____ ® ____ (13) ____ ® Pulmonary capillaries

Back 13

The correct pathway is the following:
nasal cavity
nasal conchae
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
trachea
primary bronchus
secondary bronchus
tertiary bronchus
terminal bronchus
respiratory bronchioles
alveolar duct
alveolus

Front 14

The following questions refer to the primary bronchi:

1) Which is longer?
2) Which is larger in diameter?
3) Which is more horizontal?
4) The more common site for lodging of a foreign object that has entered the respiratory passageways?

Back 14

left
right
right
right

Front 15

Appropriately label all structures provided with leader lines on the diagrams below.

Back 15

The answers are:
a = trachea
b = bronchi
c = secondary bronchi
d = tertiary bronchi
e = bronchiole
f = alveolar duct
g =terminal bronchiole
h = respiratory bronchiole
i = alveoli

Front 16

nerve that activates the diaphragm during inspiration

Back 16

phrenic nerve

Front 17

"floor" of the nasal cavity

Back 17

palate

Front 18

food and fluid passageway inferior to the laryngopharynx

Back 18

esophagus

Front 19

flaps over the glottis during swallowing of food

Back 19

epiglottis

Front 20

contains the vocal cords

Back 20

larynz

Front 21

the part of the conducting pathway between the larynx and the primary bronchi

Back 21

trachea

Front 22

pleural layer lining the walls of the thorax

Back 22

parietal pleura

Front 23

site from which oxygen enters the pulmonary blood

Back 23

alveolus

Front 24

opening between the vocal folds

Back 24

glottis

Front 25

increases air turbulence in the nasal cavity

Back 25

concha

Front 26

Back 26

The answers are:
a = Alveolar epithelium
b = Capillary endothelium
c = Red blood cells
d = Nucleus of capillary endothelium