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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the difference between a paper cut that bleeds and one that doesn't
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Because there is no bleeding, the cut has penetrated into the avascular epidermis only.
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Were is the most adipose tissue
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Hypodermis
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What layer of skin contains the larges variety of functioning structures
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Dermis
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What Layer of Skin has five different strata
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epidermis
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Which one of the five strata has the oldest cells
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Basale b/c of contain stem cells
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What strata has stem cells and what do they do
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Stratum Germinativum/Basale layer which generates new stem cells
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Types of cells found in Epidermis
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Keratinocytes
Melanocytes Langerhans Cells (epidermal dendritic cells) Tactile Cells (merkel Cells) |
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Keratinocytes
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Produce Karatin
Karatinization begins at s. granulosum |
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Problems Karatinocytes can lead to
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Callus
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Melanocytes
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- Produce Melanin in membrane bound granules called melanosomes
-Melanosomes move along actin by "spider arms" and accumlate in keratinocytes' sunny side and protect DNA from UV radiation -Found in stratum Basale |
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Problems melanocyte can lead to
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Melanoma
Vitiligo Nevus (mole) Freckle Suntan |
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epidermal dendritic cells
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(Langerhans Cells)
Found in epidermis - Ingest foreign substances -activate immune system -produced by bone marrow |
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tactile cells
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(merkel cells)
-Act as sensory receptors for touch -Tactile Cell and disc-like sensory neuron ending = tactile disk (Merkel Disk) |
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Layers of Epidermis in order
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Stratum Basale
Stratum Spinosum Stratum Granulosum Stratum Lucidum (only in thick skin Stratum Corneum |
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Stratum Corneum
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- No nutrients -> dead
- hard or "horny" layer -Makes up 3/4 of epidermis' thickness -Karatin and thick cell membrane protects skin against abrasion and penetration -Glycolipid makes skin waterproof |
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Problems Corneum can lead to
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-Water can get stuck under dead cells and causes buckling of corneum sheets (prune-y hands)
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Stratum Lucidum
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- No Nutrients -> dead
- "Clear layer" FOUND ONLY IN THICK SKIN |
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THICK SKIN
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Found in Palms and soles of feet
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Stratum Granulosum
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- "Granule Layer"
- Karatination begins here - This is known as the "toughening up layer" b.c it produces kartinohyaline granules (->Keratin) and lamellated granules (-> glycolipd) -also barrier against bloods nutrients to higher strata -reason why s corneum and lucidum have only dead cells |
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Stratum spinosum
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- Has lots of melanin granules and epidermal dendritic cells
- "spiny Layer |
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Problems spinosum can lead to
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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3 Main contributings factors that make skin tone
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Melanin, Carotene, Hemoglobin
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Melanin
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(in deep layers of epidermis)--> dark skin
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Carotene
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in s. corneum of epidermis --> yellow skin
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Hemoglobin
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in blood --> pink tinge to skin
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2 Dermal Layers
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Papillary
Reticular |
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Papillary Layer Contains
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- Contains dermal papillae, which has friction ridges and sweat, cause person to leave finger prints on surfaces
- Also contains blood vessels and the end of sensory nerve fibers (AKA free nerve endings) |
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Papillary Layer Made of
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-made of Areolar Connective tissue
-Loose packing cells and lots of blood vessels --> looseness of connective tissue allows for free patrolling of phagocytes and other defenders -Collagen Fibers -> strength and resiliency Contains dermal Papillae -Elastic Fibers -> stretch-recoil |
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Dermal Papillae
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Found in Dermal Papillary layer, has friction ridges and sweat, which cause person to leave finger prints on surfaces
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Reticular Layer Contains
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- Contains Hair Follicles and hair bulbs
- sebaceous glands - sweat glands -Blood vessels - Sensory Nerve Fibers, - Pacinian Corpuscles - Arrector Pili Muscle |
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Reticular Layer Made Of
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-Dense Irregular Connective tissue
-Collagen Fibers -> strength -Elastic Fibers -> stretch-recoil |
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Striae
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(Stretch Marks)
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Blisters
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Separation of epidermis from dermis
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First Degree Burns
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Involves epidermis (red painful) aka sunburn
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Second-Degree burn
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Involves epidermis and dermis
Blisters and or bleeding layers of skin missing, |
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Third Degree burn
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Involves Epidermis Dermis and Hypodermis
Black Charred and or white muscle and bone may be visible No pain at burn Sever pain surround burn especially during recovery |
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Why is sweat so important what is the danger of not having sweat glands
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Sweat is important for homeostasis without sweat glands we could more easily overheat
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What are two things your body can do to maintain your body temperature when you are exercising or getting hot.
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Sweat
Dilate capillaries |
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Why does your skin turn red when you are warm
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Because vessels dilating releasing blood to surface of skin
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What should you watch out when you have a fever and are perspiring profusely
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Dehydration
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Why does your hair and skin near your hair get oily faster than other parts of your body
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Because sebaceous glands do not have individual duct so uses hair follicle as duct
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Pacinian Corpuscles
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a type of touch receptor located in the skin that is receptive to deep pressure
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Arrector Pili Muscle
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are small muscles attached to hair follicles in mammals. Contraction of these muscles causes the hairs to stand on end and goosebumps
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