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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which of the following are causes of painful lameness?
a) OA/OCD b) lacerations c) upward fixation of patella d) flexural deformity |
a) OA/OCD
b) lacerations Mechanical causes= c) upward fixation of patella d) flexural deformity, etc |
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Describe a grade 0 lameness
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lameness not perceptible under any circumstance
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Describe a grade 1 lameness
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inconsistent lameness regardless of circumstance
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Describe a grade 2 lameness
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inconsistent on a straightline, walk or trot
consistent under certain circumstances (circle, uphill, under saddle) |
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Describe a grade 3 lameness
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consistent lameness at a trot under all circumstances
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Describe a grade 4 lameness
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consistent obvious lameness at a walk under all circumstances
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Describe a grade 5 lameness
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minimal weight bearing
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What is probably one of the most important considerations in the signalment and hx when doing a lameness exam?
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use of horse/expectations for future use
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T/F: horses with lameness should have a full PE
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true
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What are you going to visually examine at rest?
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conformation
posture symmetry of body shape swellings types of shoes status of feet |
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"pointing" refers to.....
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the horse holding the lame limb ahead of the unaffected limb
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T/F: resting a hindlimb is very indicative of lameness
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false: they do this normally as well
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Explain the posure of the back limbs observed with a pelvic of high femoral injury?
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outward rotation of affected limb
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Standing camped under in the rear is often seen in horses with _____
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bilateral rear laminitis
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T/F: usually the lame foot will have a smaller hoof when looking dorsally
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true
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A hoof with a steep hoof wall is called
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club foot
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_____ is an increased amount of synovial fluid within a synovial structure, resulting in abnormal distention of the synovial capsule
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effusion
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___ is increased amount of fluid in the connective tissue without an inflammatory response
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edema
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T/F: edema is often perfectly circular and round
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False: effusion
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____ is an increased amount of fluid in the connective tissues with signs of inflammation
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cellulitis
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T/F: a negative hoof tester rules out a painful process within the hoof capsule
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false
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What are some things to do during an examination during motion
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walk and trot straight away
walk and trot on a circle in both directions (lunge line) Flexion tests |
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T/F: flexion tests are useful as a primary indicator for a positive response to nerve blocks?
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False: you should NOT use these as a primary indicator for a positive response to your nerve blocks
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Describe the flexion test
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1 minute flexing (stressing) of the joint, then trot straight away immediately after letting go of the limb
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Give the results for the following interpretations of flexion tests:
1) negative 2) mildly positive 3) moderately positive 4) severely positive |
1) negative: inc. lameness 1-2 steps
2) mildly positive inc. lameness 3-5 steps 3) moderately positive: inc. lameness > 5 steps 4) severely positive: "crippled" lame |
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What joints does a general front limb flexion stress?
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coffin
pastern fetlock carpal elbow +/- shoulder |
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What joints are stressed in a lower limb flexion?
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coffin
pastern fetlock joint suspensory branches |
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What joints are stressed in a forelimb upper limb flexion?
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shoulder
+/- elbow |
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What joints are stressed in a forelimb upper limb extension?
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elbow +/- shoulder
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What joints does a general hindlimb flexion stress?
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coffin
pastern hock stilfe fetlock and suspensory branches |
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What joints does hindlimb upper limb flexion stress?
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hock
stifle hip joints |
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In a normal horse hip roll the ___ hemipelvis appears higher than the ____ hemipelvis when the Left rear limb bears weight
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In a normal horse hip roll the LEFT hemipelvis appears higher than the RIGHT hemipelvis when the L rear limb bears weight
Vice versa for the right side |
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T/F: In a normal horse, at a trot the head should move and down with each step
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False: This describes a walk. At a trot the horse should hold head/neck still
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What is the hallmark sign of front limb lameness?
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Head is down on the sound foot and up on the lame foot
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Head nod is _____ when sound limb on ground and head bob is ___ when lame limb on ground
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Head nod is down when sound limb on ground and head bob is up when lame limb on ground
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Hip hike is when the L/R hemipelvis are ___ when the lame limb is on the ground
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UP
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Hip drop is when the L/R hemipelvis are ___ when the lame limb is on the ground
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DOWN
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T/F: the side with the greater hip excursion is the lame side
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true
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T/F: the side with the hip hike is the lame side
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false: it is the sound side
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In the hind limb the head will be ____ when the lame leg is down and ____ when the sound limb is down
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In the hind limb the head will be DOWN when the lame leg is down and UP when the sound limb is down
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