L4/l5: Axial Skeleton

Front 1

Skeleton consists of : bones and divisions and parts of body

Back 1

206 bones

Front 2

axial skeleton

Back 2

a

Front 3

skull

Back 3

formed by 14 facial and 8 cranial bones

-most complex bony structure

Front 4

cranial bones of skull

Back 4

ethmoid

frontal

occipital

sphenoid

parietal- 2

temporal-2

Front 5

facial bones

Back 5

mandible

Front 6

facial bones function

Back 6

form framework of face, cavities of sense organs , passage for air and food, hold teeth, anchor...

Front 7

cranial fos

Back 7

a

Front 8

small cavities of skull

Back 8

a

Front 9

a

Back 9

a

Front 10

a

Back 10

a

Front 11

a

Back 11

a

Front 12

a

Back 12

a

Front 13

a

Back 13

a

Front 14

a

Back 14

a

Front 15

a

Back 15

a

Front 16

a

Back 16

a

Front 17

a

Back 17

aa

Front 18

a

Back 18

a

Front 19

a

Back 19

a

Front 20

Paired bones of the face

Back 20

6

Maxillary

Front 21

vomer - where is it and its function

Back 21

part of the facial bone, not cranial,

Front 22

special parts of the skull

Back 22

orbits

nasal cavity

paranasal sinuses

Front 23

nasal septum- bones part of it

Back 23

ethomoid bone

vomer

septal cartilage

Front 24

paranasal sinuses

Back 24

air-filled sinuses (4) located within

-Frontal

-Ethmoidal

-Sphenoid

-Maxillary

-can get inflammed, and fill with fluids and get infected with bacteria- can be painful.

Front 25

orbit walls

Back 25

7 bones

Front 26

orbit wall openings

Back 26

3

Front 27

Hyoid bone

Back 27

associated with skull, but not directly in contact with any other bone (only bone to be this way- no direct articulation with any other bone)

acts as movable base of togue

Front 28

vertebral column- what is it

Back 28

26 bones in adult

transmits weight of trunk to lower limbs

surrounds and protects spinal cord

walk upright- strain on the disks- causing wearing out over time, and puts all weight of body on hips

Front 29

vertebral column- major regions

Back 29

(concave)-7 cervical vertebrae - neck region

(convex)-12 thoracic vertebrae

(concave)-5 lumbar

(convex)-1 sacrum ( 5 fused bones = 1 bone)

1 coccyx- inferior to sacrum (4 fused bones)

Front 30

what stablizies the vertebral column

Back 30

ligaments- prevents the spinal cord from extending (hyperflexing) to far back, support, and minimizes amount of flextion

Front 31

ligaments of vertebral column

Back 31

Anterior Longitudinal Ligaments-

Posterior Longitudinal Ligaments

Ligamentum flavum

Front 32

Intervertebral Discs

Back 32

cushion-like pads between vertebrae

2 Types

Nucleus pulposus-

Front 33

Common Structure of Vertebrae

Back 33

a

Front 34

vertebral region characteristics

Back 34

specific regions of spine preform specific functions

types of movement occuring between vertebrae

Front 35

Cervical Vertebrae

Back 35

concave with 7 bones

C1- atlas

C2- axis - allows head to turn left to right

C3

...

C7

Front 36

C1

Back 36

Atlas:

lacks body and spinous process

Front 37

transverse foramen

Back 37

location through which the spinal cord nerves will leave through

Front 38

occipital condyles at base of skull

Back 38

allows head movement up and down

Front 39

C2

Back 39

Axis

has body and spinous process

Dens

Front 40

Dens

Back 40

Act as a pivot for rotation for the atlas and the skull

Front 41

Cervical Vertebrae C3-C7

Back 41

Body: small and wide laterally (side to side)