L2(What Is Human Nature?)

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A priori:

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known independent of sensory experience. Necessary or universal.

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A posteriori:

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knowledge dependent upon sensory experience.

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Essence:

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a property or set of properties that define what a thing is.

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Existence:

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to be, actuality.

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Existentialism:

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Primarily a 20th century philosophical movement in which concerns about the nature and condition of human existence are central. Existentialism tends to deny that there is a human nature, claiming that existence precedes essence.

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Free Will:

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the view that at least some human acts are not completely determined.

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Human Nature:

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generally, that which is distinctive, significant, and serves to define what it is to be human.

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Metaphysics:

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the study of the ultimate nature of reality.

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Mental:

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used to describe the activities of the mind or cognition.

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Rationality:

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the use of reason or the rules and principles of logical thinking.

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Soul:

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a distinct non-physical thing or substance that traditionally constitutes the person and is what survives the death of the body and retains the identity of the self.

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Teleology:

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the view that the universe is permeated with purpose and is contrasted with MECHANISM.

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Theory of evolution:

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traditionally attributed to Charles Darwin as the theory that accounts for the development and survival of living species

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Virtue:

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for Aristotle, an excellence either in terms of rationality, the intellectual virtues like wisdom or excellence in action, the moral virtues like courage, justice, and the like.

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Plato-

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compared parts of the soul to a chariot with a charioteer and two horses.

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Aristotle-

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telos (purpose). (Reality is permeated with telos)

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Aquinas-

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stated it is an essential aspect of human nature to want to know God.

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St. Augustine-

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borrowed Plato’s view that humans have an immaterial and immortal soul.

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Are we risen apes or fallen angels? Could we be both? Briefly present and
defend your point of view.

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In my opinion I would see us a neither. It is possible that we evolved from another animal. Or maybe we existed in a primal human state that resembled an ape or animal. The fallen angel is just a spiritual belief that has no proof other than the fact that we have a soul, if you are one to believe that we have souls.

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How does the Judeo-Christian-Islamic view of human nature conflict with
modern evolutionary scientific views.

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It’s conflicting because the Judeo-Christian-Islamic view says God made man in his creation and the modern evolutionary scientific views say man is where it is today because of natural selection. The conflict is when you say man was made in the image of God. Are they referring to the Soul of GOD or the body of God.

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Aristotle would define man as the "rational animal." What does he mean by that and would you agree or disagree?

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What Aristotle means is that we are rational aninmals in the sense that we have the ability to think. I am impartial to agree and disagree. We are rational.. but who is to say that other animals are rational or are not rational. Every animal has to have some degree of a thought process because in every species of the animal world they all have some degree of surviving.