Kins 2230 Slide 6: Cns

Front 1

CNS: Central Nervous System

Back 1

Includes the Brain Stem and the Spinal Cord

Front 2

PNS: Peripheral Nervous System

Back 2

1. Afferent Nerves: Information from receptors, relayed to the higher levels for processing. Think from OUTSIDE to INSIDE. = sensory nerves

2. Efferent Nerves: relay info from spinal cord and brain to the effectors (things that carry out actions) such as muscles and glands. = motor nerves.

Front 3

Somatic Division

Back 3

Involves controlled movements; innervation of skeletal muscle

Front 4

Autonomic Division

Back 4

Involved involuntary movements; innervates the smooth muscles, glands, and heart muscles. Also includes the sympathetic system (stimulation and excitement) and parasympathetic system (inhibition)

Front 5

Spinal Cord

Back 5

Links the CNS and the PNS together; communication link.

Front 6

Dorsal and Ventral Horns

Back 6

1. Afferent fibers that are responsible for sensory enter the dorsal root

2. Efferent fibers that are responsible for motor actions leave the ventral root

Front 7

Pyramidal System (Corticospinal)

Back 7

The 2 conscious external sensory stimuli tracts.

Front 8

Extrapyramidal System

Back 8

The 4 autonomic nerve tracts that originate in the brain.

Front 9

BS

Back 9

One of the main sections of the brain. Responsible for lower brain level of control. Contains Medulla Oblongotta, Pons, Midbrain, and Reticular Informtaion.

Front 10

Cerebellum

Back 10

Receives information from the sensory systems, the spinal cord, and other parts of the brain and then regulates motor movements. It coordinates voluntary movements such as posture, balance, coordination, and speech, resulting in smooth and balanced muscular activity.It also serves as a plan checker for the frontal lobe with motor plans.

Front 11

Forebrain

Back 11

This contains the higher level of control. Contains the cerebrum, and diencephalon. Contains all of the lobes.

Front 12

Intereoceptors

Back 12

Provides information regarding internal organs.

Front 13

Extereoceptors

Back 13

Provides information regarding objects in the environment. Vision, Hearing, etc.

Front 14

Proprioceptors

Back 14

Provide information regarding the body's movement.

Front 15

Vestibular System

Back 15

Located within the inner ear, this system provides information about the movement of the head. It includes semicircular canals and otolith organs.

Front 16

Joint Receptors

Back 16

Located within the joint capsule, these receptors signal extreme ranges of motion and prevent joints from overextending (prevent injury). Includes Ruffini Endings/Corpuscles and Pacinian Corpuscles

Front 17

Cutaneous Receptors

Back 17

Located within the skin. These provide information about light, touch vibration and pain. These include Messiner's Corpsucles and Merkel's Disks

Front 18

Muscle Receptors

Back 18

Located in muscles, these provide information about length and tension of muscle. These are involved with reflexes and voluntary control. They protect the muscle from damage. They include Muscle Spindles, and Golgi Tendon Organs (GTOs)

Front 19

Where does Afferent Information go?

Back 19

It enters the body and travels up the dorsal horns of the spinal cord. It travels up the ascending pathways, and travels through the brain and the thalamus.

Front 20

Thalamus

Back 20

This is located in the dienchaphalon area of the forebrain. It is the relay center for afferent information. It directs appropriate information to the correct lobes.

Front 21

Parietal Lobe

Back 21

Sensory information regarding temperature, pressure, touch, pain, and kinesthetic awareness of where we are in space.

Front 22

Occipital Lobe

Back 22

Sensory area for visual input.

Front 23

Temporal Lobe

Back 23

Sensory area for smell, hearing and involved in memory.

Front 24

Frontal Lobe

Back 24

In charge of voluntary motor function, motivation, aggression, higher intellectual functions (IQ Center) . The area in which the motor plan is drafted.

Front 25

Limbic System

Back 25

Involved with learning behaviours, mood, pleasure pain, etc.

Front 26

Sensory Cortex

Back 26

The areas in which sensory information is received.

Front 27

Pre-Motor Cortex

Back 27

The "staging area" in which motor functions are organized. The Primary Motor Cortex = the planning and execution of skilled actions.

Front 28

Cerebellum

Back 28

The "little brain". This communicates with the frontal lobe via the pons to produce the "blueprint". Major controller of conscious movement, posture, and balance.

Front 29

Basal Ganglia

Back 29

These add parameters to specify movement.