Kinkle Exam 3

Front 1

A group of individuals of a single species living together is a

Back 1

Population

Hint 1

Deme
Phenotype
Genotype
Biotic Community
Population

Front 2

A group of individuals of a single species living together is a
A. Deme
B. Phentoype
C. Genome
D. Biotic Community
E. Population

Back 2

Population

Hint 2

What is a population?

Front 3

A community and the nonliving factors with which it interacts is called a(n)
A. Population
B. Race
C. Cline
D. Environment
E. Ecosystem

Back 3

Ecosystem

Hint 3

What is an Ecosystem?

Front 4

Many times species are composed of networks of distinct populations called metapopulations. Metapopulations occur in areas where
A. A population in better habitats continually sends out dispersers to bolster populations in poorer habitats.
B. A population in poor habitat continually sends out disperses to bolster populations in better habitats.
C. A population in better habitats does not send out colonizers into poorer habitats.
D. Suitable habitat is patchily distributed and separated by areas of unsuitable habitat.

Back 4

Suitable habitat is patchily distributed and separated by areas of unsuitable habitat.

Front 5

Populations of endotherms that live in colder climates tend to have shorter ears and limbs than populations of the same species in warm climates. This is called ____________ Rule.
A. Allen
B. the K-Selected
C. the r-Selected
D. Edward's

Back 5

Allen

Front 6

A species displaying which of the survivorship curves is likely to spend the most energy on care for their young?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III

Back 6

Type I

Front 7

The rate at which a population of a given species will increase when no limits are placed on its rate of growth is called its _________.
A. Maximum Growth
B. Carrying Capacity
C. Biotic Potential
D. Optimal Growth

Back 7

biotic potential

Front 8

Species that have a delayed reproductive stage, are competing for limited resources, and have smaller numbers of slowly maturing large offspring show ______ selected adaptations.
A. K-
B. r-

Back 8

K-

Front 9

Organisms that produce offspring several times over many seasons exhibit a life history adaptation called
A. Semelparity.
B. Iteroparity.
C. Biparity.
D. Polyparity
E. Alloparity

Back 9

Iteroparity.

Front 10

Effects that are dependent on the size of the population and regulate the growth of populations are called ___________ effects.
A. K-related
B. Density-Independent
C. Environmental Resistance
D. Density-Dependent
E. Demographic

Back 10

Density-Dependent

Front 11

The number of individuals of a species that can be supported indefinitely in a particular place is called its
A. Niche.
B. Biotic Potential.
C. Carrying Capacity
D. Maximum Size
E. Habitat Usage

Back 11

Carrying Capacity.

Front 12

All organisms living together in a place are called a __________.
A. Community
B. Population
C. Species
D. Ecosystem

Back 12

Community

Front 13

Competition shapes communities because there are usually limited __________.
A. Species
B. Resources
C. Interactions
D. Nutrients

Back 13

Resources

Front 14

The attempt of two organisms trying to utilize the same resource is called __________.
A. Synergy
B. Parasitism
C. Competition
D. Interference

Back 14

Competition

Front 15

No two species can occupy the same niche indefinitely without competition driving one to ________.
A. Migrate
B. Overpopulate
C. Speciation
D. Extinction

Back 15

Extinction

Front 16

The pattern of living or the function of an organism in a community is called its
A.niche.
B. habitat.
C. hierarchy.
D. speciation.
E. predation.

Back 16

Niche

Front 17

In ________ mimicry, two or more unrelated but protected species resemble one another, thus achieving a kind of group defense.
A. Batesian
B. Disruptive
C. Müllerian
D. Cooperative

Back 17

Müllerian

Front 18

A _________ relationship is one in which two or more kinds of organisms live together in often elaborate and more or less permanent association.
A. Symbiotic
B. Parasitic
C. Mutualistic
D. Synergistic

Back 18

Symbiotic

Front 19

Some animals are ______ colored and blend in with their surroundings.
A. Aposematically
B. Cryptically
C. Asymmetrically
D. Randomly

Back 19

Cryptically

Front 20

A relationship in which both members benefit is called
A. Predation.
B. Parasitism.
C. Mutualism.
D. Commensalism.
E. Sympatric.

Back 20

Mutualism

Front 21

The symbiotic relationship between cattle egrets and cape buffalo is an example of
A. Mutualism.
B. Parasitism.
C. Commensalism.
D. Predation.
E. Competition

Back 21

Commensalism

Front 22

The reintroduction of wolves (which eat elk) into Yellowstone would have _______ effect on aspen and _______ effect on elk (which eat the aspen).
A. a direct; a direct
B. a direct; an indirect
C. an indirect; a direct
D. an indirect; an indirect

Back 22

an indirect; a direct

Front 23

A species that interacts in critical ways with many other elements of an ecosystem is called a ___________ species.
A.Predatory
B. Keystone
C. Primary
D. Dominant
E. Succeeding

Back 23

Keystone

Front 24

Communities evolve to have greater biomass and species richness in a process called
A. Symbiosis.
B. Higher productivity.
C. Spatial heterogeneity.
D. Predictability.
E. Succession.

Back 24

Succession

Front 25

Lakes become eutrophic by
A. accumulation of organic matter.
B. loss of organic matter.
C. circulation of water in the lake.
D. free exchange of water with outside sources.
E. an increase in the number of organisms.

Back 25

Accumulation of organic matter

Front 26

What does it mean if a lake is Oligotrophic?

Back 26

Low in nutrients but high in dissolved oxygen at all depths.

Front 27

What does it mean if a lake is Eutrophic?

Back 27

High in nutrients for algae but are low in dissolved oxygen;

Front 28

Intermediate amounts of disturbance appear to increase species diversity by
A. Keeping communities in primary stages of succession.
B. Increasing the level of immigration of new species
C. Making the habitat more homogenous.
D. Keeping communities out of the final stages of succession.

Back 28

Keeping communities out of the final stages of succession.

Front 29

__________ becomes available to organisms almost entirely through the metabolic activities of a few genera of bacteria.
A. Phosphorus
B. Sulfur
C. Nitrogen
D. Iron

Back 29

Nitrogen

Front 30

______ is defined as the total amount of energy fixed per unit of time minus the amount of energy expended by the metabolic activities of the photosynthetic organisms in the community.
A. Net primary productivity
B. Gross primary productivity
C. Carrying capacity
D. Net metabolism

Back 30

Net Primary Productivity

Front 31

Organisms that break down organic matter are called
A. Detritivores.
B. Omnivores.
C. Herbivores.
D. Carnivores

Back 31

Detritivores

Front 32

All of the following undergo biogeochemical cycles except
A. Carbon.
B. Energy.
C. Nitrogen.
D. Sulfur.
E. Water.

Back 32

Energy

Front 33

The net weight of all of the organisms living in an ecosystem is its
A. productivity.
B. biomass.
C. vital force.
D. photosynthesis minus metabolism.
E. combined output of metabolism and photosynthesis.

Back 33

Biomass

Front 34

According to MacArthur and Wilson's island biogeography theory, which of the following would be expected to have the smallest species diversity?
A. the mainland
B. a large island near the mainland
C. a large island far from the mainland
D. a small island near the mainland
E. a small island far from the mainland

Back 34

A small island far from the mainland

Front 35

Which one of the following explanations for why the tropics have greater species diversity than the temperate zone is least convincing?
A. Seasonality variability is less in the tropics.
B. Niches are narrower in the tropics.
C. Fewer predators in the tropics allow more prey species to flourish.
D. Greater spatial heterogeneity in the tropics creates more niches.
E. The tropics have greater plant production, which supports greater overall species richness.

Back 35

Fewer predators in the tropics allow more prey species to flourish.

Front 36

Which one of the following observations was not an outcome of studies by David Tilman and coworkers at Cedar Creek, Minnesota on ecosystem stability?
A. Plots with more species showed less year-to-year variation in biomass.
B. Species rich plots were less affected by drought than species poor plots.
C. More diverse plots were less susceptible to invasion by new species.
D. Nitrogen uptake and total biomass produced were negatively correlated to species richness.
E. Overyielding was observed in more recent work at Cedar Creek.

Back 36

Nitrogen uptake and total biomass produced were negatively correlated to species richness.

Front 37

All of the following apply to the demography of human populations today except
A. we use almost half of the Earth's land.
B. we use over half of all renewable fresh water sources.
C. we are unevenly distributed and the difference is increasing.
D. we are using distributed resources unevenly—less than 20% of us use over 80% of the energy.
E. our ecological footprint is decreasing.

Back 37

Our Ecological Footprint is Decreasing

Front 38

As the global concentration of carbon dioxide increases, the world's temperature is rising, with great potential direct impact on the world's _________.
A. climate
B. biodiversity
C. biogeochemistry
D. ozone layer

Back 38

Climate

Front 39

The most serious and rapidly accelerating of all global environmental problems is the loss of
A. biodiversity.
B. fossil fuels.
C. fresh water.
D. unused land for agriculture.
E. small farms.

Back 39

Biodiversity

Front 40

Biological magnification of persistent toxins should be greatest in
A. herbivores.
B. primary carnivores.
C. secondary carnivores.
D. detritivores.
E.keystone species.

Back 40

Secondary Carnivores

Front 41

Non-biodegradable material that still remains largely unchanged in the solid waste dumps.
A. chlorofluorocarbons
B. ozone layer
C. carbon dioxide and sulfur
D. coal, natural gas, oil
E. plastics

Back 41

Plastics