Kinetic Theory Of Mater 2

Front 1

What is the Kinetic Theory of matter?

Back 1

This speaks to tiny particles that are in constant motion and these particles are atoms, molecules and ions.

Hint 1

Constant motion

Front 2

What are the two things that determine the amount of kinetic energy held in matter?

Back 2

State and Temperature

Front 3

What are the 3 phenomenas that provide evidence of kinetic Theory?

Back 3

Diffusion

Osmosis

Brownian Motion

Front 4

What is diffusion?

Back 4

This the spontaneous movement of particles from a region of high to low concentration until evenly distributed.

Hint 4

Evenly distributed

Front 5

What is osmosis?

Back 5

The movement of water particles from an area of high to low concentration through a semi-permeable (selective) membrane.

Hint 5

Semi-permeable membrane

Front 6

Brownian Motion

Back 6

This the visible movement of small pieces of solid that are big enough to be seen under a microscope.

Hint 6

Visible movement

Front 7

Is diffusion in gases faster than liquids? Why

Back 7

Diffusion in gases is faster than in liquids. This is because the particles in gases move faster than in liquids.

There is little or no movement in solids.

Front 8

Explain the diffusion experiment

Back 8

The hydrogen chloride and ammonia particles are in constant motion.

They bump and bounce of each other along with the air.

A white ring is formed where the gases meet.

The white ring is ammonium chloride.

The white ring is nearer to the hydrogen chloride because it is a heavier molecule than ammonia molecule.

Heavier molecule move more slowly than lighter ones.

Hint 8

Front 9

Speed of diffusion

Back 9

The speed of diffusion is faster in gases followed by liquids and very slowly in solids.

The speed of diffusion increases with temperature.

At higher temperatures, the particles have higher kinetic energy and hence move faster and diffuse at a faster rate.

Heavier particles diffuse slower than lighter particles.

The speed of diffusion also depends on the relative molecular mass of the particles.

Front 10

Distance/ Travel time

Back 10

The speed of diffusion in a gas depends on its density.

Front 11

Osmosis in paw paw (distilled water)

Back 11

The water outside the cells is more concentrated than inside the cells.

Water molecules passes into the cells by osmosis, resulting in the strips becoming longer and more rigid.

Front 12

Osmosis in paw paw (sugar solution)

Back 12

The water outside the cell is less concentrated than water inside the cell. This is because there is sugar and water in the solution.

Water molecules pass out of the cells by osmosis resulting in the strip becoming shorter and flaccid.

Front 13

What is the nature of matter?

Back 13

The nature of matter is that it moves from an area of high to low concentration. As well as, particles in matter are always in constant motion due to the kinetic energy that they posses.

Front 14

Describe the volume, shape and compressibility of solid.

Back 14

Volume - fixed

Shape - fixed

Compressibility - very difficult to compress

Front 15

Describe the volume, shape and compressibility of liquid.

Back 15

Volume - fixed

Shape - take shape of the bottom of the container.

Compressibility - slight

Front 16

Describe the volume, shape and compressibility of gas

Back 16

Volume - variable, expands to fill the whole container.

Shape - takes shape of the whole container.

Compressibility - easily compressed.

Front 17

Describe the three states of matter.

Back 17

Solid - particles are very closely together in every orderly pattern.

Liquid - particles are further apart. The arrangement is less orderly.

Gas - particles are very far apart and are haphazardly arranged.

Front 18

Describe the forces of attraction of each state of matter

Back 18

Solid - the forces of attraction between particles are strong so that the movement is limited to vibration around a fixed position.

Liquid - the forces of attraction are weaker so the particles are able to slip slowly over each other.

Gas - the forces of attraction between particles are so small that particles are able to move freely in all directions at high speeds.

Front 19

Particle Theory

Back 19

Gas particles of a substance have more kinetic energy than liquids particles, while liquid particles particles have more kinetic energy than solid particles.

Matter can be converted from one state to another by changing the amount of energy of the particles.

The more heat energy, the faster the particles will move.

If heat energy is removed from a matter the particles will slow down and come closer together.

Front 20

Changes of state

Back 20

Melting - the change from solid to liquid. The temperature. The temperature at which a solid melts is called its melting point.

Freezing - the change from a liquid to a solid. The temperature at which a liquid freezes is called its freezing point. For pure substances, the freezing point is the same as the melting point.

Boiling - is the change from a liquid to a gas or vapour. The temperature at which a liquid boils is called its boiling point. A pure substance has a fixed boiling point.

Evaporation - the change from liquid into gas without boiling.

Front 21

Changes of state 2

Back 21

The change from gas to liquid. It is the reverse of boiling. Heat energy is released during condensation as the gas particles slow down and move closer together to become liquid.

Sublimation - the change from a solid into a gas without melting.

Deposition or desublimation - is the reverse of sublimation.

Front 22

What is the Heating curve

Back 22

A heating curve is drawn when a temperature of a solid is measured at intervals as it is heated and changes state to the liquid and then to a gas, and the temperature is then plotted against time.

Front 23

What is the cooling curve ?

Back 23

Cooling curve is drawn when the temperature of a gas is measured at intervals as it is cooled and changes state to a liquid and then to a solid and the temperature is then plotted against time.