Kinesiology Week 2 Muscle

Front 1

muscle origin

Back 1

proximal attachment

more stable

Front 2

muscle insertion

Back 2

distal attachment

movable

muscle contractions brings attachments together

Front 3

muscle action

Back 3

joint motion resulting from muscle contraction

Front 4

innervation

Back 4

nerve supply to the muscle

Front 5

agonist

Back 5

muscle or muscle group that causes a specific movement

prime mover

Front 6

antagonist

Back 6

muscle or muscle group that apposes agonist

Front 7

prime mover

Back 7

muscle primarily responsible for an action

Front 8

assisting mover

Back 8

muscle that assists prime mover in providing motion

Front 9

co-contraction

Back 9

agonist and antagonist contracting together to provide stability

Front 10

synergists

Back 10

muscles that work together

Front 11

force couple

Back 11

muscles that work together in opposite directions to produce torque in the same rotational direction

Front 12

Mono-articular muscle

Back 12

Involving just one joint

Front 13

Bi-articular muscles

Back 13

muscles that cross two joints rather than just one

Front 14

Irritability

Back 14

(excitability) muscles receive and respond to stimulation.

Front 15

Contractability

Back 15

allows muscles to change shape to become shorter and thicker.

Front 16

Extendibility

Back 16

living muscle cells can be stretched and extended; longer and thinner.

Front 17

Elasticity

Back 17

once the stretching force is removed a living muscle cell retains it's original shape.

Front 18

isometric

Back 18

contraction where length doesn't change

Front 19

concentric

Back 19

contraction where muscle shortens

Front 20

eccentric

Back 20

contraction where muscle lengthens

Front 21

muscle naming

Back 21

1-location

2-shape

3-action

4-number of heads

5-attachments

6-direction of fibers

7-size

Front 22

sarcomere

Back 22

basic contractile unit of muscle

Front 23

sarcomere composed of 2 main protein filaments

Back 23

actin and myosin

Front 24

parallel muscle fiber arrangement

Back 24

tends to be longer and have greater range of motion

Front 25

oblique muscle fiber arrangement

Back 25

shorter and more numerous (dense) great strength

Front 26

strap muscles

Back 26

parallel

long and thin fibers running entire length

e.g. rectus abdominis

Front 27

fusiform muscles

Back 27

parallel

wider in the middle and tapered at ends

most fibers run entire length

e.g. biceps brachii

Front 28

rhomboid muscle

Back 28

parallel

4 sided

usually flat

e.g. rhomboids in shoulder girdle

Front 29

triangular muscle

Back 29

parallel

narrow attachment at insertion

and broad attachment at origin

e.g. pectoralis major

Front 30

unipennate

Back 30

oblique

resembles one side of a feather

short fibers attaching diagonally into a central tendon

Front 31

bipennate

Back 31

oblique

feather like appearance

short fibers bilaterally attaching diagonally into a central tendon

e.g. rectus abdominus

Front 32

multipenate

Back 32

oblique

muscles have many tendons with oblique fibers between them

e.g. deltoid

Front 33

line of pull

Back 33

direction of muscle's force

if it crosses a joint it acts on the joint

crosses pulls joint

Front 34

length tension relationship

Back 34

strength greatest at mid length

less at extremes

Front 35

active insufficiency

Back 35

point muscle can not contract further

due to tension within the muscle is insufficient at both extremes

(agonist)

usually bi-articulate muscle

Front 36

passive insufficiency

Back 36

point muscle can not stretch further

due to stretch-ability within the muscle is insufficient at joints

(antagonist)

usually bi-articulate muscle

Front 37

tenodesis

Back 37

with elbow on table, flexing the wrist has a tendency to extend fingers

opposite movement flexes fingers