Kinesiology Terms (For Exam 1)

Front 1

What is Biomechanics?

Back 1

Study of application of mechanics of structure and function of biological systems

Evaluates the motion and force

Front 2

What is Kinesiology?

Back 2

Scientific study of human movement

Front 3

What is anatomy?

Back 3

The science and structure of the body

Front 4

What is functional anatomy?

Back 4

Study of body components needed to achieve or perform human movement or function

**helpful to set up exercise programs

Front 5

What is linear motion?

Back 5

Movement along a straight or curved pathway

Focus is on direction, path and speed of object

Ex. speed of a sprinter, path of baseball, path of bench press bar

Front 6

What is angular motion?

Back 6

Motion around a point where different regions of same segment don’t move through same distance

Front 7

What is angular motion around an axis through a joint?

Back 7

Front 8

What is angular motion through center or gravity?

Back 8

Front 9

What is angular motion around external axis?

Back 9

Front 10

What is Kinematics?

Back 10

Study that examines spatial and temporal components of motion

Front 11

What is kinematic movement analysis?

Back 11

Focuses on the amount and type of movement, the direction of movement and speed or change of speed of the object

Front 12

What is kinetics?

Back 12

Study that examines the forces acting on a system such as the human body

Front 13

What is dynamics?

Back 13

area of mechanics used to evaluate a system undergoing acceleration

Front 14

What is anatomical position?

Back 14

Front 15

Medial

Back 15

toward from midline

Front 16

What is lateral?

Back 16

away from midline

Front 17

Proximal?

Back 17

position CLOSEST to reference point

Front 18

Distal?

Back 18

FARTHER away from reference point

Front 19

Superior?

Back 19

above reference point (UP)

Front 20

Inferior?

Back 20

lower than reference point (DOWN)

Front 21

Anterior?

Back 21

Front or ventral

Front 22

Posterior?

Back 22

Back or dorsal

Front 23

Ipsilateral?

Back 23

Same Side

Front 24

Contralateral?

Back 24

Opposite side

Front 25

Flexion?

Back 25

Bending movement

Angle between two adjacent segments decreases

Front 26

Extension?

Back 26

Straightening movement

Angle between two segments increases as the joint returns to 0 +.

Front 27

Hyperflexion?

Back 27

A movement that goes beyond 180° of flexion

Front 28

Hyperextension?

Back 28

When the extension movement continues past the 0 point

Front 29

Abduction?

Back 29

movement away from the midline of the body or the segment

Front 30

Adduction?

Back 30

return of the segment back toward the midline of the body or segment

Front 31

Hyperabduction?

Back 31

occur in shoulder as the arm moves more than 180° from the side, past the head

Front 32

Hyperadduction?

Back 32

arm or thigh as the adduction continues past 0 so that the limb crosses the body

Front 33

Internal rotation?

Back 33

movement of a segment around a vertical axis running through the segment toward the midline of the body while the posterior surface moves away form midline

Front 34

External rotation?

Back 34

movement of a segment around a vertical axis running through the segment so that the anterior surface of the segment moves away from the midline of the body, while posterior surface moves toward midline

Front 35

Lateral Flexion?

Back 35

used for movements of the head and trunk (head tilted side ways)

Front 36

Elevation?

Back 36

Raising the scapula as in the shoulder shrug

Front 37

Depression?

Back 37

lowering of the scapula

Front 38

Protraction or abduction?

Back 38

movement of the two scapula away form each other as in rounding shoulders

Front 39

Retraction or adduction?

Back 39

movement of two scapula towards each other.

Front 40

Upward or lateral rotation?

Back 40

when scapulas swing out so that the bottom of the scapula move away from the trunk

Front 41

Downward or medial rotation?

Back 41

when scapula swing down back into resting position toward trunk.

Front 42

Tipping?

Back 42

when inferior portion of the scapula moves away from thorax.

Front 43

Winging?

Back 43

when the medial border of scapula move away from thorax

Front 44

Horizontal Adduction (flexion)?

Back 44

arm and thigh; combination of flexion and adduction. Movement of arm or thigh across body, toward midline, using movement horizontal to the ground

Front 45

Horizontal Abduction (extension)

Back 45

arm and thigh; combination of extension and abduction. Movement of the arm or thigh away from the midline of the body in horizontal direction, horizontal to the ground

Front 46

Supination?

Back 46

Movement of forearm in which palm rotates to face forward from the fundamental starting position

Front 47

Pronation?

Back 47

Movement in which the palm faces backwards

Front 48

Radial Flexion (deviation)?

Back 48

hand toward thumb or radial side.

Front 49

Ulnar Flexion (deviation)?

Back 49

hand toward little finger or ulnar side of forearm

Front 50

Plantar Flexion?

Back 50

bottom of foot moves down and angle formed between foot and leg increases (POINTS DOWNWARD)

Front 51

Dorsi-Flexion?

Back 51

foot up toward the leg that decreases the relative angle between leg and foot (POINT TOE UP)

Front 52

Inversion?

Back 52

medial border of foot lifts so that the sole of the foot faces inward toward the other foot.

Front 53

Eversion?

Back 53

lateral aspect of the foot lifts so that the sole o f the foot faces outward, away from other foot

Front 54

Pronation of the foot?

Back 54

combined set of movements; Dorsi-flexion at ankle, eversion at the tarsals, abduction of forefoot.

Front 55

Supination of the foot?

Back 55

combined set of movements; ankle plantar flexion, tarsal inversion and forefoot adduction

Front 56

Forefoot adduction?

Back 56

when the forefoot moves toward the great toe side of the foot

Front 57

Forefoot abduction?

Back 57

when the forefoot moves toward the little toe side of the foot

Front 58

Circumduction?

Back 58

When the segment is moved in a conic fashion as the end of the segment moves in a circular pathway

Front 59

Absolute Reference system?

Back 59

three axis intersect in the center of the joint and movement of the segment is described with reference to a fixed angle

Front 60

Relative Reference System?

Back 60

movement segment is described relative to the adjacent segment (between the longitudinal axes of two segments).

Front 61

Sagittal Plane?

Back 61

Left and Right halves-flexion and extension always happens

Frontal axis (side to side)

Front 62

Transverse Plane?

Back 62

Top and Bottom Halves- rotation happens

"Y" axis (superior/inferior)

Front 63

Frontal/Coronal Plane?

Back 63

Front and Back Halves-abduction and adduction

Sagittal Axis (anterior/posterior)

Front 64

Degrees of Freedom?

Back 64

joint allows the segment to move through one plane of motion (uniaxial) You can have:

1 df uniaxial
2 df biaxial
3 df triaxial