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679 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is kinesiology?
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The study of the active and passive structures involved in movement
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NAME
This is the study of the active and passive structures involved in movement |
Kinesiology
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What is biomechanics?
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Stdy of the response of biological systems to the mechanical forces
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NAME
This is the stdy of the response of biological systems to the mechanical forces |
Biomechanics
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What is kinetics?
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Anaylsis of forces of motion
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NAME
This is anaylsis of the forces of motion |
Kinetics
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What are some terms/ways t o describe motion? (5)
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(1)type of displacement (2)location in space of the displacement (3)direction of displacement (4)magnitude (5)rate of displacement
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What are some types of displacement (3)
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(1)translatory motion (2)rotatory motion (3)general motion
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NAME
Three types of this include translatory motion, rotatory motion, and general motion |
Displacement
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Displacement refers to (1)
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motion
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NAME
This another word for motion |
displacement
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What does displacement refer to?
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motion
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What is translatory motion?
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is linear motion
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NAME
This is linear motion |
translatory motion
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What is rotatory motion?
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Movement around a fixed point
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NAME
This is movement around a fixed point |
Rotatory motion
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What is general motion?
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Is a combo of translatory and rotatory motion
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NAME
This is a combo of translatory and rotatory motion Gene |
General motion
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What are (2)types of general motion?
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(1)curvilinear motion ((2)3d
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NAME
Two type sof this motion include curvilinear motion and 3D |
general motion
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Curvilinear motion is also called (1)
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2D
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(1)motion is also called 2D
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Curvilinear motion
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Describe anatomical postion?
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Feet together…hands –palms up, face forward
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The Coronal plain is also called the (1) or (2)
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Frontal , x plane
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the frontal plain can also be called the (1)or (2)
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Coronal or x
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The x plane can also be called the (1)or (2)
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Frontal or coronal
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The transverse plane can also be called the (1)or (2)
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y or horizontal
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Sagittal is also called (1)or (2)
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Z axis or anterior/posterior
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(1)is also called Sagittal or anterior or posterior
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Z axis
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(1)is also called sagittal or Z axis
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anterior/posterior
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for every joint, you should have (1)degrees of free movement
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6
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What types of movement are possible in the frontal plane ? (4)
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abduction (2)adduction (3)ulnar deviation (4)radial deviation
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the frontal plane is also called the (1)
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coronal plane
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the coronal plane refers to the (1)plane
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frontal
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what types of movements are possible in the sagittal plane? (2)
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flexion (2)extension
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what are the differ planes in the body? (4)
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(1)coronal (2)transverse (3)sagittal (4)median (5)olbique (6)median
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NAME
these types include coronal, transverse, sagittal, and median |
planes of the body
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what is the coronal plane>
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seperates the body into anterior and posterior parts
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NAME
this seperates the body into anterior and posterior parts |
coronal plane
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what is the median plane?
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seperates the body into right and left parts
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NAME
this seperates the body into right and left parts |
median plane
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what is the transverse plane?
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seperates the body into inferior and superior parts
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NAME
this separates the body into the inferior and superior parts |
transverse plane
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what is the sagittal plane?
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is any plane parallel to the median plane
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NAME
this any plane parallel to the median plane |
sagittal plane
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what movements are possible in the transverse plane? (7)
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(1)horizontal abduction (2)horizontal adduction (3)pronation (4)supination (5)opposition (6)internal rotation (7)external rotation
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what is the differ btwn flexion and extension?
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(1)flexion-lifting up (2)extension-lower leg
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What is flexion?
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such as lifting up leg
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what is extension?
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such as lowering leg
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how many degrees are involved in flexion of the cervical spine for NRM?
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45
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how many degrees are involved in a the extension of the cervical spine for NRM?
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45
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what should you remember about /tips for remembering the degrees involved in movements of the cervical spine for NRM?
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45 degrees for everything else except rotation-60 degrees
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how many degrees are involved in the lateral flexion of the cervical spine for NRM?
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45
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how many degrees are involved in the rotation of the cervical spine for NRM?
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60
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how many degrees are involved in the flexion of the thoracic and lumber spine for NRM?
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80
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how many degrees are involved in the extension of the thoracic and lumber spine for NRM?
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30
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how many degrees are involved in the lateral flexion of the thoracic and lumber spine for NRM?
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40
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how many degrees are involved in rotation of the thoracic and lumbar spine for NRM?
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45
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how many degrees are involved in the flexion of the shoulder for NRM?
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170
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how many degrees are involved in the extension of the shoulder for NRM?
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60
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how many degrees are involved in the abduction of the shoudler during NRM?
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170
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how many degrees are involved in the horizontal abduction of the shoulder for NRM?
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40
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how many degrees are involved in the horizontal adduction of the shoulder for NRM?
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130
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how many degrees are involved in the interal rotation of the shoulder during NRM?
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70
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how many degrees are needed for external rotation of the shoulder for NRM?
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0 to 90
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how many degrees are needed for flexion of the elbow and forearm?
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0 to 135-150
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how many degrees are needed for supination of the elbow and forearm?
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0 to 80 to 90
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how many degrees are needed for pronation of the elbow and forearm?
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0 to 80-90
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how many degrees are needed for flexion of the wrist for NRM
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0 to 80
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how many degrees are needed for extension of the wrist for NRM?
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0 to 70
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how many degrees are needed for ulnar deviation of the wrist for NRM?
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0 to 30
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how many degrees are needed for radial deviation of the wrist for NRM?
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0 to 20
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how many degrees are needed for MP flexion of the thumb for NRM?
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0 to 50
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how many degrees are needed for IP flexion of the thumb for NRM?
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0 to 80-90
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how many degrees are needed for abduction of the thumb?
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0 to 50
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how many degrees are needed for MP flexion of the finger for NRM?
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0 to 90
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how many degrees are needed for MP hyperextension of the fingers for NRM?
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0 to 15-45
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how many degrees are needed for PIP flexion of the fingers for NRM?
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0 to 110
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how many degrees are needed for DIP flexion for NRM?
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0 to 80
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how many degrees are needed for abduction of the fingers for NRM?
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0 to 25
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how many degrees are needed for flexion of the elbow for NRM?
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0 to 135-140
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how many degrees are needed for extension of the elbow for NRM?
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0
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how many degrees are needed for pronation of the forearm for NRM?
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0 to 80-90
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how many degrees are needed for supination of the forearm for NRM?
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0 to 80-90
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how many degrees are needed for flexion of the wrist for NRM?
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0 to 80
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how many degrees are needed for extension of the wrist for NRM?
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0 to 70
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how many degrees are needed for ulnar deviation for NRM?
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0 to 30
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How many degrees are needed for radial deviation for NRM?
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0 to 20
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How do you convert Radians to Degrees?
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one radian= 57.3 degrees
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One radian is = (1) degrees
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57.3
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1 ft = (1)meters
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.3048
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what are some formulas used to find the rate of displacement? (3)
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(1)t=described by speed (2)v= t+direction (3)a=change in v per unit of t
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what are some BASIC types of forces acting on the body? (3)
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gravity (2)internal forces (3)external forces
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What is internal forces?
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arise from body structures such
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NAME
this force arises from the body structures such as the connective tissue in the body |
internal forces
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what is external forces?
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sources outside of the body
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NAME
these are forces outside of the body |
external forces
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what are some formulas that can be used to find the F? (2)
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F=m(a)
(2)w=m(g) |
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what does F stand for?
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Force
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what does a stand for?
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accerlation
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what does t stand for?
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time
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what does W stand for?
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weight
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what does m stand for ?
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mass
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what are some primary rules of forces? (3)
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(1)all forces on a segment must come from somthings that is contacting that segement (2)anything that contacts a segment must create a force on that segement (3)gravity can be considered to be touching all objects
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T or F
gravity can be considered to be touching all objects |
true
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what does CoG stand for?
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center of gravity
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T or F
the CoG can go outside of the body |
true
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what is the CoM?
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the point at which all mass of the object or segment is most concentrated
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NAME
this is the point at which all mass of the object is most concentrated |
CoM
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what does CoM stand for ?
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center of mass
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where is the CoG at anatomical position?
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jst above the belly button
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where is the Cog when someone is touching thier toes?
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below the bellow
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what does LoG stand for?
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line of gravity
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what is the LoG?
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is a perpendicular line through the body to the Earth from the CoG
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NAME
This is a perpendicular line through the body to the Earth from the CoG |
LoG
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What does BoS stand for?
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Base of support
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NAME
this is the area of the body or object being supported |
BoS
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The larger the BoS of an object the greater the (1)of the object
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stability
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The larger the (1)of an object the greater the stabiltiy of the object
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BoS
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the closer the CoM of the object is to the BoS, the more (1)
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stable the object is
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The (1)the more stable the object is
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closer the CoM of the object is to BoS
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T or F
an object can be stable unless its LoG is located win the BoS |
false
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Describes the gravitational influence principles?
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(1)sometimes other body parts take over and do the work of a muscle that is not working or allow for gravity to its job
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T or F
any movement occuring in the direction away from the pull of gravity is cuased by a muscle |
true
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T or F
any movement that occurs in the direction of the gravity against a resistence greaters than the force of gravity will be cuased by the muscle |
true
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T or F
any movement that goes in the direction of the gravity is not moving against resitence....its is caused by the gravity |
true
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what is Newton's law of interia?
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the sum of the F- 0 (2)an object at rest stays are rest unless acted on by a force
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NAME
this says that an object at rest says at rest unless acted on a force |
Newtons law of interia
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what is static equilibrium?
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is a object at rest
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NAME
this is a object at rest |
static equilbrium
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What is dynamic equilibrium?
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an object in movemnt
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NAME
this refers to an object in movement |
dynamic equilibrium
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what is the differ btwn static and dynamic equilibrium?
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(1)static-object at rest (2)dynamic-object in movement
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what is Newton;s law of acerelation?
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a=Fm
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What is Newton's law of reaction? (3)
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(1)whenever two objects touch, the two objects exert a force on each other (2)the static or dynamic state of an obeject cannot be affected if the objects do not touch each other (3)cannot combine two forces of object
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what is linear force?
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two or more forces on the same segement, same plane or same line
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NAME
this is two or more forces on the same segement, same plane or same line |
linear force
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what is distraction force?
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separation btwn the bones that make up a joint
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NAME
this is the separation btwn the bones that make up a joint |
distraction force
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what is compression force?
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bring the joint surfaces together
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NAME
this is bringing the joint surfaces together |
compression force
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what is the concurrent force?
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two or more forces converging
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NAME
this is two or more forces converging |
concurrent forces
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what is tensile force?
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is created by opposite pulls on that object
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NAME
this is created by opposite pull on that object |
tensile force
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what is the shear force?
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any force that is parallel to contracting surfaces and has an action line in that direction of attempted movement
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NAME
this is any force that is paralle to contracting surface and has an action line in that direction attempted movement |
shear force
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what is friction forces?
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potential force in the opposite direction of the attempted movemnt
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NAME
this is the potenital force in the opposite direction of the attempted movement |
friction forces
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what is torque?
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is the direction an object is caused to rotate
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NAME
this is the direction that an object is caused to rotate |
torque
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what is movement arm?
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is the distance perpendicular to the force vector
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NAME
this is the distance perpendicular to the force vector |
movement arm
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what does AROM stand for?
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active range of motion
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what is AAROM?
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active assitive Range of motion
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what does PROM stand for?
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passive ROM
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with what type of ROM are you most likely to do the most damage?
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PROM
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what is AROM?
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moving on your own
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what is AAROM?
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is assisting the person/helping them to finish or complete hte movements
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what is PROM?
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is doing the movement for the person
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what one rule of thumb for ROM?
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person is not going to hurt self
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what is one thing to keep in mind about doing ROM on someone w shoulder injury?
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depressed clavicular fracture can hit the subclavian artery
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before starting ROM, what should you do?
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visual observation- (1)posture (2)compenstatory motions (3)scars
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why is imporant to observe posture?
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posture can indicate reduced movements
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what are some precuations/contraindications about measuring ROM ?(9)
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(1)inflammation (2)meds for pain or muscle relaxation (3)osteoporosis, hypermobility, or subluzation (4)hemophilia or hematoma (5)injury to soft tissue (6)newly united fracture (7)prolonged immobilization (8)cancer in the bone or fragile bone
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what is creprtation?
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is grinding sound you hear when moving head
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NAME
this is the grinding sound you hear when you move your head |
crepratation
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what are (3)types of crepratation?
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(1)audible 92)pelpable (3)combo
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what is audible creprtation?
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when you hear it
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what is pelpable creprtation?
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when you feel it
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what is END feel?
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how ROM feels at end
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NAME
this is how ROM feels ends |
END feel
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what are some types of END feel? (3)
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(1)hard (2)soft (3)firm
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what is hard feel?
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when you extend the elbow
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What is soft feel ?
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when you flex the knee
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what is firm feel?
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when dorsiflexion the ankle
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Give (2)examples of 2-joint muscles?
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wrist fall elevation and finger flexion
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what is one things to keep in mind measuring ROM on the shoulder?
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the can do damage to the subhumeral space if scapular is not moving..position thumb up
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what does WNL stand for?
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W.in normal limits
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what does WFL stand for?q
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w in functional limits
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what is WFL?
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inquique to client
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which method do we use for measuring ROM?
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180 method
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what is one thing to keep in mind about cerivical extension?
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if feel dizzy, nasuea, or eyes dilate ==stop
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what is cervical rotation?
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looking left or right by 180 degrees
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what is lateral flexion of the head?
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moving your ears to your shoulder
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what is pronation?
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palm down so its down
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what is supination?
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turning palm so its up
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what is the differ btwn pronatio nand supination?
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(1)pronation-palm down (2)supination-palm up
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what is dorsiflexion?
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bending the foot upward at the ankle
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NAME
this is bending the foot upward at the ankle |
dorsiflexion
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what is plantar flexion?
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is bending the foot downward at the ankle
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NAMe
this is bending the foot downward at the ankle |
plantar flexion
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what is the differ btwn dorsiflexion and plantar flexion? (2)
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(1)dorsiflexion-bending the foot upward at the ankle (2)plantar flexion-bending the ankle downward at the ankle
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CoM is also called (1)
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CoG
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(1)is also called CoG
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CoM
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what is the resultant forces?
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sum of all the linear forces
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NAME
this is the sum of all the linear forces |
resultant forces
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what is the reaction force?
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2 forces that are applied to 2 contacting objects...must always be in opposite directions
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NAME
these are 2 forces that are applied to 3 contacting objects...must always be in opposite directions |
reaction forces
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what is the tensile force?
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force created by opposite pull on objects
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NAME
this is a force created by opposite pull on objects |
tensile force
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NAME
this force is created by separation of joint surfaces |
joint distraction forces
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NAME
this is created when 2 forces contact btwn joints forces |
compression forces
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what is Fv stand for?
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vertical forces
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what does Fh stand for?
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horizontal forces
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What does Fs stand for?
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Shear force
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what does Fr stand for?
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fricition force
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what does Frs stand for?
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static force
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NAME
this is an any force that lies parallel to contacting surfaces of an object and causes or attempts to cause movement btwn surfaces |
Fs
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NAME
this force is in the opposite direction if potential movement |
Fr
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Fs and Fr only exist when (1)
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two objects are touching
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NAMe (2)
these two objects only exist when two objects are touching |
Fs and Fr
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what does T stand for?
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torgue
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what does MA stand for?
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movement arm
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what is the Fc?
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a force between two objects (or an object and a surface) that are in contact with each other.
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NAME
this a force between two objects (or an object and a surface) that are in contact with each other. |
Fc
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what does Fc stand for?
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contact force
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what does Fn stand for?
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normal force
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what are (2)types of Fc?
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(1)Fn and (2)friction
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NAME
2 types of this include Fn and friction |
Fc
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NAME
this is the part of the force that is perpendicular to the plane of contact is called the normal force. |
Fn
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what is Fn?
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this is the part of the force that is perpendicular to the plane of contact is called the normal force.
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NAMe
this force of a medium acting on a moving object (i.e air on an aircraft) |
Friction
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what is friction?
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force of a medium acting on a moving object (i.e air on an aircraft)
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NAME
this is the force of a medium acting on a moving object (i.e air on an aircraft) |
friction
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what is Frs?
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Static friction is the force between two objects that are not moving relative to each other. For example, static friction can prevent an object from sliding down a sloped surface
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NAME
this are Static friction is the force between two objects that are not moving relative to each other. For example, static friction can prevent an object from sliding down a sloped surface |
Frs
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what does Frs stand for?
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static friction
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what does FrK stand for?
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kinetic friction
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what does Fr stand for?
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force friction
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what are (2)types of Fr?
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(1)static (2)kinetic
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what are (2)types of reaction forces?
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Fn (2)Fc
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NAME
2 type of these include Fn and Fc |
reaection forces
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two types of reaction forces include (1)and (2)
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Fc and Fn
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bending movements are also known as (1)
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3 point bending
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(1)is also known as 3 point bending
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bending movements
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what is bending movements?
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when 3 parallel forces create a movement that is netiher rotation or translation of the segement
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NAME
this when 3 parallel forces create a movement that is neither rotation or translatio nof the segment |
bending movemtn
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what is torisonal movement?
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is the rotation of a segement around its long axis
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|
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NAME
this is the rotation of a segement around its long axis |
torsional movement
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the point of application of a musce force vector is located at hte (1)
|
the pont of attachemnt of the muscleq
|
|
|
the muscle action line is the direction of the (1)
|
pull that fiber or tendons create at the point of aplication
|
|
|
what does EF stand for?
|
effort force
|
|
|
what does RF stand for?
|
resistance force
|
|
|
NAME
this force is always the winner |
effort force
|
|
|
the effort force is always the (1)while the resistance force is always the (2)
|
(1)winner (2)losser
|
|
|
NAME
this force is always the loser |
resistance force
|
|
|
what doe EA stand for?
|
effort arm
|
|
|
what does RA stand for?
|
resistance arm
|
|
|
what are (2)types of MA?
|
(1)EA (2)RA
|
|
|
NAMe
2 types of this include-EA and RA |
MA
|
|
|
when is the muscle the EF?
|
when the muscle is moving the segment in the direction of the pull
|
|
|
when is the muscle the RF?
|
when the muscle is acting in a direction opposite to the motion segement
|
|
|
for it to be (1)forcem teh muscle must be moving the segement in the direction of the pull
|
EF
|
|
|
for it to be (1),force, the muscle must be acting in a direction opposite to the motion segement
|
RF
|
|
|
when the lever is at equilbrium, there is (1)
|
no EF OR RF
|
|
|
what does M Ad stand for?
|
mechanical advantage
|
|
|
what is M Ad?
|
is a measure of the mechanical efficeincy of the levers
|
|
|
NAME
this is a measure of the mechanical efficiency of the lever |
M Ad
|
|
|
the correct unit of measurement for wieght is (1)
|
slug
|
|
|
usally wieght is measured in(1)
|
kg
|
|
|
All forces most come from something that is (1)
|
in contact w the segement
|
|
|
anything that contacts a segement creates (1)
|
a force
|
|
|
T or F
g can be considered to be touching all objects |
true
|
|
|
interal forces are msot readily recgozined as for the (1)
|
initiation of movement
|
|
|
(1)forces are most readily recoginzed for the intitation of movement
|
internal forces
|
|
|
point of application is also called (1)
|
base
|
|
|
For object to be stable, the (1)
|
Cog must fall w. in the BoSwh
|
|
|
what makes a object more stable?
|
wider base of support or CoM closer to the BoS
|
|
|
what is statics??
|
stdy of conditions under which objects remain at rest
|
|
|
NAME
this is the study of conditiosn under which objects remain at rest |
statics
|
|
|
what is dynamics?
|
sydy of condiionts underwhich objects move
|
|
|
NAME
this is the stdy of conditions underwhich objects move |
dynamics
|
|
|
whatis interia?
|
property of an object to resist both the initation and change of motion
|
|
|
NAMe
this is the property of object object to resist both the intiation and change of motion |
interia
|
|
|
NAME
this is an object that is acted on by balanced forces remains motionless |
static equilbrium
|
|
|
Curvilinear plane is also called (1)
|
2d or planar motion
|
|
|
(1)is also called 2d or planar motion
|
curvilinear plane
|
|
|
what does ICoR is also called (1)
|
IaR
|
|
|
(1)is also caleld IaR
|
ICoR
|
|
|
what is ICoR?
|
axis around which segement rotates
|
|
|
NAME
this is the axis around which the segment rotates |
ICoR
|
|
|
what is longitudinal axis?
|
is the long axis...rotation of body segement around z axis in frontal plane
|
|
|
NAME
this is the long axis...rotation of body segement around z axis in frontal plane |
longitudinal axis
|
|
|
Medial rotation is also called (1)
|
internal rotation
|
|
|
(1)is also called internal rotation
|
medial rotation
|
|
|
(1)is also called lateral rotation
|
extenral rotation
|
|
|
external rotation is also called (1)
|
lateral rotation
|
|
|
us units for ROM is (1)
|
degrees
|
|
|
the SI units for ROM are (1)
|
radians
|
|
|
NAME
this is the maginitude of rotatory motion a body segement moves through or can move through |
ROM
|
|
|
what is force?
|
push or pull
|
|
|
NAME
this is a push or pull |
force
|
|
|
how is force measurd in US?
|
pds
|
|
|
how is force measured in SI?
|
Newtons
|
|
|
Force only affects (1)
|
accerelation
|
|
|
NAME
this only affects a |
force
|
|
|
NAME
this is both speed and direction |
v
|
|
|
v is jst (1)and (2)
|
speed and direction
|
|
|
NAMe
this is when an object has a v=0 and object is at equilbirum |
static state
|
|
|
what is dynamic equilbrium?
|
an object in motion
|
|
|
what is dynamic state?
|
whn objects is acted upon by a net unbalanced force w a
|
|
|
NAME
this is when object is acted upon by net unbalanced force w a |
dynamic state
|
|
|
what is the differ btwn dynamic equilbrium and state?
|
(1)equil-w is greater than 0 and object is at rest (2)state-an object acted upon by a net unbalanced force w a
|
|
|
what is linear force system?
|
2 or more forces in a linear plane
|
|
|
NAME
this is 2 or more forces in a linear plane |
linear force system
|
|
|
forces applied up at on the (1)
|
y axis
|
|
|
Forces that are forward or anterior /posterior on the (1)axis
|
z
|
|
|
Forces that are applid up are on the (1)axis
|
y
|
|
|
forces that are (1)are on the y axis
|
applied up
|
|
|
forces (1)are on a z axis
|
foward anterior (posterior)
|
|
|
forces that are to the right are on the (1)axis
|
x
|
|
|
capsule and ligment can only (1)
|
pull
|
|
|
(1)and (2)can only pull
|
capsule and ligaments
|
|
|
To r F
capsule and ligaments can push and pull |
false
|
|
|
NAME
this is when 2 or more forces interst and are not linear |
concurrent force system
|
|
|
t or f
if object A is not touching B object B cannot affect A |
true
|
|
|
for tension, if a person is pulling block by a rope and lets go of the rope. what is the end tension?
|
o
|
|
|
NAME
these exist when 2 objects are touching ...they are always parallel to the contracting forces |
Fs and Fr
|
|
|
NAME
this is when 2 or more forces are applied to the same object parellel to each other |
parallel force system
|
|
|
what is torsion?
|
torque force applied to 1 object creating a twist
|
|
|
nMAe
this is torque force applied to 1 object creating a twist |
torsion
|
|
|
what is a muscle force vector?
|
sum of all forces applied by muscle
|
|
|
NAME
this is the sum of all the forces applied by muslce |
muscle force vector
|
|
|
NAME
this is the bending movments on a segement not rotating bc of 3 parallel forces |
3 point bending
|
|
|
How do you tell if the displacement is negative or positive?
|
(1)negative-towards the ground w palm facing down(2)
Positive-is towards the ceiling w the palm facing up |
|
|
How do you tell if the displacement if negative?
|
Negative-towards the ground the palm facing down
|
|
|
What do you tell if the displacement is positive?
|
Positive-towards the ceiling w the palm facing up
|
|
|
What is the shear force?
|
any force that moves or attempts to move 1 object ontop of another or causes movement btwn 2 surfaces.....must be parallel to contracting surface
|
|
|
What is friction force?
|
potential force that exists on an object whenever there is a Fc in response to Shear force
|
|
|
What is the force couple?
|
Forces applied to the same object in the different directions
|
|
|
NAME
These are the forces applied to the same object in the different directions |
force couple
|
|
|
NAME
This is when the movment arm of a force changes as a segement rotates arounds its joint axis |
angle of application
|
|
|
The length of the MA is related to the (1)
|
angle of application
|
|
|
What is a lever?
|
Is a simple machine that is used to lift, push , or pull an object
|
|
|
NAME
This is a simple machine that is used to lift, push or pull an object |
lever
|
|
|
What is fulcrum?
|
Is the point of support for the lever
|
|
|
NAME
This is the point of support for the lever |
fulcrum
|
|
|
The fulcrum is also called the (1)
|
axis
|
|
|
(1)is also called the axis
|
fulcrum
|
|
|
NAME
this exists on an object whenever there is a contact force on that object |
friction
|
|
|
what is the differ btwn shear force and friction?
|
(1)Fs=a force that moves or attempts to move one object on another (2)friction-(Fr)=exists on a object whenever there is a contact force on that object
|
|
|
When 2 forces are applied to unmoving object there is automatically (1)
|
static friction
|
|
|
Whenever (1)happens, there is automatically static friction
|
2 forces are applied to an unmoving object
|
|
|
what is Fc?
|
is a reaction force that arises from a push
|
|
|
NAMe
this is a reaction force that arises from a push |
Fc
|
|
|
NAME
this type of friction exists when an object is in motion |
kinetic friction
|
|
|
the (1)is good ex of a antaomical pully
|
patella
|
|
|
t or F
Fs and Fr are always parellel to the contacting surface |
true
|
|
|
Fs and Fr are (1)to the contacting surface
|
parallel
|
|
|
Fs and Fr are (1)to the Fc
|
perpendicular
|
|
|
interaction pair are also called (10
|
action-reaction forces
|
|
|
(1)are also called the action-reaction forces
|
interaction pair
|
|
|
What are (2)types of reaction forces?
|
Fc and Fn
|
|
|
NAME
two types of this include Fc and Fn |
reaction forces
|
|
|
what is Fn?
|
is the support force exerted upon an object which is in contact with another stable object
|
|
|
NAME
this is the support force exerted upon an object which is in contact with another stable object |
Fn
|
|
|
what is Fr?
|
a force exerted by a surface as an object moves across it or makes an effort to move across it.
|
|
|
NAME
this is a exerted by a surface as an object moves across it or makes an effort to move across it. |
Fr
|
|
|
what are some types of Fc? (6)
|
(1)Fr (2)Shear force (3)tension force (4)Fn (5)applied force (6)air resistance force
|
|
|
what is air resistance force?
|
special type of frictional force which acts upon objects as they travel through the air
|
|
|
NAMe
this is a special type of frictional force which acts upon objects as they travel through the air |
air resistance force
|
|
|
what is tension force?
|
s the force which is transmitted through a string, rope, cable or wire when it is pulled tight by forces acting from opposite ends
|
|
|
NAME
this s the force which is transmitted through a string, rope, cable or wire when it is pulled tight by forces acting from opposite ends |
tension force
|
|
|
what is applied force?
|
is a force which is applied to an object by a person or another object.
|
|
|
NAME
this is a force which is applied to an object by a person or another object. |
applied force
|
|
|
What is Fc?
|
are those types of (reaction) forces which result when the two interacting objects--resulting from a push rather than a pull
|
|
|
NAME
these are those types of forces which result when two interacting objects |
Fc
|
|
|
The force is also called the (1)
|
effort
|
|
|
The effort is also called the (1)
|
force
|
|
|
The resistance is also called the (1)
|
load
|
|
|
The (1)is also called the load
|
resistance
|
|
|
What is the load?
|
is what is being moved
|
|
|
NAME
this is what is being moved |
load
|
|
|
What are the differ levers?
|
(1)1st class (2)2nd class lever (3)3rd class levesr
|
|
|
What is the 1st class lever? Draw it, too
|
Is when the effort and force are equally part from the axis
|
|
|
NAME
This type of lever is when the effort and force are equally apart from the axis |
1st class levers
|
|
|
What is a 2nd class lever?
|
Is when the effort arm is always longer the resistance arm
|
|
|
NAME
This is when the effort arm is longer than the resistance arm |
2nd class levers
|
|
|
What is the 3rd class lever?
|
Is when the effort arm is always smaller than the resistance arm
|
|
|
NAME
This lever has an effort arm that is always smaller than the resistance arm |
3rd class levers
|
|
|
Give an example of 1st class lever?
|
cervical extension
|
|
|
Cervical extension is an ex of a (1)lever
|
1st class
|
|
|
For cervical extension,
Id the following (1)effort (2)axis (3)resistance (4)type of lever |
(1)effort-muscle
(2)axis-cervical spine (3)resistance-anterior head (4)1st class lever |
|
|
For elbow flexion
Id the following (1)effort (2)axis (3)resistance (4)type of lever |
(1)effort-bicpes (2)resistance-weight of distal arm (3)axis- elbow joint (4)3rd class lever
|
|
|
For standing on toes,
Id the following (1)effort (2)axis (3)resistance (4)type of lever |
(1)effort-musclces (2)load-person’s weight
(3)axis=MTPs (4)2nd class lever |
|
|
Give an example of 2nd class lever?
|
Standing on toes
|
|
|
For elbow extension,
Id the following, Id the following (1)effort (2)axis (3)resistance (4)type of lever |
(2)axis-elbow joint
(3)resistence-weight of the forearm (4)type of lever-2nd class |
|
|
For shoulder abduction (supraspinatus (posterior),
Id the following (1)effort (2)axis (3)resistance (4)type of lever |
(1)force-supraspinatus
(2)axis-subhumoral joint (3)weight of arm (4)1st class lever |
|
|
For isometric shoulder,
Flexion and extension, Id the following (1)effort (2)axis (3)resistance (4)type of lever |
There is no motion
|
|
|
What are some common type of 3rd class levers? (6)
|
(1)biceps brachii (2)deltoid (3)quadriceps (4)illiopsoas (5)gluteus maximus (6)hamstrings
|
|
|
Biceps brachii is a (1)lever
|
3rd class lever
|
|
|
Deltoid is a (1)lever
|
3rd class lever
|
|
|
Iliopsoas is a (1)lever
|
3rd class lever
|
|
|
Quadriceps is (1)lever
|
3rd class lever
|
|
|
Gluteus maximus is (1)lever
|
3rd class lever
|
|
|
Hamstrings is the (1)lever
|
3rd class lever
|
|
|
What are the (2)parts to the goniometry?
|
(1)moveable arm (2)stationary arm
|
|
|
NAMe
This is doing indvl range of motion for self |
self-range of motion
|
|
|
what is self-range of motion?
|
is doing the indvl range of motion for self
|
|
|
DEMOSTRATE the following motion using self-range of motion
Horiztonal abduction/adduction |
Assume cradle position and move like you are rocking a baby
|
|
|
dresrcibe joint mobility
|
design becomes more complex as functional demands increases
|
|
|
joints w less functions are (1)vs joints w multiple functions
|
less complex
|
|
|
what are ligaments?
|
connect bone to one another
|
|
|
NAME
these contact bone to another |
ligaments
|
|
|
ligaments are usally named according to their (1)
|
locations, shape, bony attachments, and relationship to one another
|
|
|
ligaments are subject to varying degrees of (1)force
|
tensile
|
|
|
depending on the joint angle, the collagen fibers have a varied arrangement that enables the ligament to (1)
|
resist forces from more than one direction
|
|
|
what are sharpley fibers?
|
fibers that perforate into the fibrous tissue of the bone
|
|
|
NAME
these are fibers in ligaments that perforate into the fibrous tissue of the bone |
sharpley fibers
|
|
|
NAME
these decrease the likehood that the ligement will give way to enthesis |
sharply fibers
|
|
|
NAME
these are a common site for degenerative change in the underlying bone |
sharply fibers
|
|
|
what are tendons/
|
connect muscles to bone
|
|
|
NAME
these connect muscles to bones |
tendons
|
|
|
NAME
these also transmit forces from muscles or stabilize the joint |
tendons
|
|
|
tendons also (1)and (2)
|
transmit forces form muscles or stabilze the joint
|
|
|
what is periosteal?
|
is out layer covering the bone
|
|
|
NAME
this is a outer layer covering the boine |
periosteal
|
|
|
where are some type of tendons? (2)
|
(1)attachments to the bone (2)attachements to the muscle (
|
|
|
what is burase?
|
flat sac of fluid filled w synovial membrane
|
|
|
NAMe
this is a flat sac of fluid filled w syonvial fluid |
bursae
|
|
|
where is the bursae located?
|
where moving structures are in tight approximation
|
|
|
NAME
this is located where moving structures are in tight approximation |
bursae
|
|
|
Give some exs of where bursae are located? (4)
|
(1)tendon and bone (2)bone and skin (3)muscle and bone (4)ligament and bone
|
|
|
what are some types of cartilage?
|
(1)fibrocartilage (2)elastic cartilage (3)hyaline
|
|
|
what is fibrocartilage?
|
bonding cement in joints that permit little motion
|
|
|
NAME
this tissue bonding cement in joints that permit little motion |
fibrocartilage
|
|
|
where are some fibrocartilage located?
|
interverbal discs (2)glenoid and acetbular labra
|
|
|
Where is some elastic tissue located?
|
in the epiglottis and ears
|
|
|
NAME
this type of tissue is located in the epiglottis and ears |
elastic tissue
|
|
|
hyaline cartilage is also called (1)
|
articualar
|
|
|
(1)is also called articular cartilage
|
hyaline
|
|
|
what is hyaline cartilage?
|
the covering on the ends of bones
|
|
|
NAME
this is the covering on ends of bones |
hyaline cartilage
|
|
|
where is hyaline cartilage located?
|
smooth resilent low friction for articulation such as on the ends of fingers
|
|
|
the more damage to the (1)in the bone the harder it is to fix
|
periostem
|
|
|
what are the (3)layers on the bone?
|
(1)cancellous (2)cortical bone (3)periosteum
|
|
|
NAMe
the layers of the bone include cancellous, cortical bone and periosteum |
layers of the bone
|
|
|
Cancellous bone is also called (1)or (2)
|
trabecular or spongy bone
|
|
|
Trabecular bone is also called (1)or (2)
|
spongy or cancellous bone
|
|
|
Spongy bone is also called (1)or (2)
|
trabecular or cancellous
|
|
|
cortical bone is also called (1)
|
compact bone
|
|
|
compact bone is also called (1)
|
cortical bone
|
|
|
what is the cancellous bone?
|
is the innermost layer of the bone
|
|
|
NAMe
this is the innermost layer of the bone |
cancellous bone
|
|
|
what is the cortical layer?
|
is the outermost layer of the bone
|
|
|
NAME
this is the outermost layer of the bone |
cortical layer
|
|
|
NAME
this is the fibrous layer covering the entire bone except the articulating surfaces |
periosteum
|
|
|
what is the periosteum
|
the fibrous layer covering the entire bone except the atriculating surfaces
|
|
|
NAME
damage to this layer of the bone will cause decreased healing capacity |
periosteum
|
|
|
what is load?
|
any forces applied to a structure
|
|
|
NAMe
these are any forces that are applied to a structure |
load
|
|
|
what is deformation?
|
when force acts on a object
|
|
|
NAME
this is when a force acts on a object |
deformation
|
|
|
what is elongation?
|
is any tensile force on an object or structure
|
|
|
NAME
this is any tensile force on an object or structure |
elongation
|
|
|
what plane does arm flexion occur in?
|
the sagittal plane
|
|
|
what plane does arm extension occur in?
|
sagittal plan
|
|
|
what plane does shoulder abduction occur in?
|
frontal plane
|
|
|
what plane does shoulder adduction occur in?
|
frontal plane
|
|
|
what plane does wrist flexion occur in?
|
frontal plane
|
|
|
what plane does wrist extension occur in?
|
frontal plane
|
|
|
what plane does ulnar deviation occur in?
|
frontal plane
|
|
|
what plane does radial deviation occur in?
|
frontal plane
|
|
|
what plane is horizontal abduction in?
|
transverse plane
|
|
|
what plane is horizontal adduction?
|
transverse plane
|
|
|
what plane is supination in?
|
transverse plane
|
|
|
what plane is pronation in?
|
transverse plane
|
|
|
what plane is opposition in ?
|
transverse plane
|
|
|
what plane is opposition in?
|
transverse plane
|
|
|
what plane is external rotation in?
|
transverse plane
|
|
|
what plane is internal rotation in?
|
frontal
|
|
|
what are (3)types of joints?
|
(1)diarthorisis (2)synarthorisis (3)amphiarthrosis
|
|
|
NAME
these include diarthorisis, synarthorisis, and amphairthrosis, |
joints
|
|
|
what is diarthorisis?
|
an articulation that contains a articular cavity btwn two bones
|
|
|
NAME
this is an articulation that contain an articular cavity btwn bones |
diarthorisis
|
|
|
what is amphiarthorisis?
|
an articulation btwn bones that is formed primarly by fibrocartilage and cartilage
|
|
|
NAME
this is articulation btwn bones that is formed primarly by fibrocartilage and cartilage |
amphiathrosis
|
|
|
what does "di" mean?
|
double
|
|
|
what does "syn" mean?
|
together
|
|
|
what does "amphi" mean?
|
both
|
|
|
NAME
this word means double |
di
|
|
|
NAME
this word means together |
syn
|
|
|
NAME
this word means both |
amphi
|
|
|
Diarthrosis are also called (1)
|
synovial joint
|
|
|
(1)are also called synovail joints
|
diarthorisis
|
|
|
what are some types of diarthoroses joints?
|
(1)plane joint (2)hinge joint (3)pivot joint (4)saddle joint (5)ball and socket joint (6)candyloid joint
|
|
|
NAME
these include plane joint, hinge joint, pivot joint, saddle joint, ball and socket joint, and cadyloid joint |
diarthroses joints
|
|
|
what kind of movements are possible with a plane joint?
|
only sliding movements
|
|
|
what kind of movements are possible w a hinge joint?
|
flexion and extension
|
|
|
what are joints?
|
place where two bones come together
|
|
|
NAME
this place where two bones come together |
joints
|
|
|
joints are also called (1)
|
articulation
|
|
|
(1)are also called articulation
|
joints
|
|
|
put joints in order by least to move moveable (3)
|
synathroses (2)amphiarthroses (3) diarthrosis
|
|
|
NAME
these joints are the most moveable |
diarthroses
|
|
|
NAME
these joints are the least moveable |
syanthroses
|
|
|
NAME
these joints are the slightly movable |
amphiarthroses
|
|
|
Diarthroses are (1)moveable
|
the most
|
|
|
syanthroses are (1)movable
|
least
|
|
|
amphiarthroses are (1)moveable
|
slightly
|
|
|
what are synarthroses?
|
n this type of joint, the bones are in very close contact and are separated only by a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue--resulting a fixed joint
|
|
|
NAME
these joints have boney components are free to move in relation to one another bc no connective tissue directly connects adjacent body surfaces |
diarthoroses
|
|
|
what allows diarthoroses to be the most movable joints?
|
bc they have no connective tissue directly connects adjacent body
|
|
|
Describe the components of a typical diarthrosis joint? (5)
|
has a (1)joint capsule (2)joint cavity (3)synovial tissue lines the inner surface (4)synovial fluid that forms a film (5)hyaline cartilage covers the surfaces of the bone
|
|
|
NAME
n this type of joint, the bones are in very close contact and are separated only by a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue--resulting a fixed joint |
synarthroses.
|
|
|
give an ex of a synarthroses joint
|
the sutures in skull btwn your bones
|
|
|
NAME
ex of these bones are the sutures in the skull btwn your bones |
synarthroses.
|
|
|
what kind of movement is possible for pivot joint?
|
rotation
|
|
|
what kind of movement is possible for saddle joint?
|
circumduction
|
|
|
plane joint is also called (1)
|
gliding joint
|
|
|
(1)is also called the gliding joint
|
plane joint
|
|
|
Give an example of a saddle joint?
|
the thumb
|
|
|
NAME
ex of this joint is the thumb |
saddle joint
|
|
|
the only saddle joint in the body is the (1)
|
thumb
|
|
|
T or F
the thumb is the only saddle joint in the body |
true
|
|
|
what is the shoulder joint?
|
the glenohumeral joint
|
|
|
what is the glenohumeral joint?
|
the shoulder joint
|
|
|
how are joints desgined?(3)
|
are either nonaxial, uniaxial, or biaxial or triaxial
|
|
|
Joints have different (1)
|
axises
|
|
|
what is circumduction?
|
is a combo of all movements-flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
|
|
|
what is a biaxial joint?
|
can move in 2 planes and directions
|
|
|
NAME
this kind of joint can move in 2 planes and directions |
biaxial joint
|
|
|
what are (2)types of unaxial joints?
|
(1)hinge (2)pivot
|
|
|
the pivot joint is also called (1)
|
trochoid joint
|
|
|
(1)is also called the trochoid joint
|
pivot
|
|
|
give ex of a pivot joint?
|
alantoaxial joint
|
|
|
the alantoaxial joint is an ex of (1)
|
pivot joint
|
|
|
give an ex of a hinge joint? (2)
|
IP finger joints (2)elbow joints
|
|
|
NAME
an ex of this is the IP finger joints |
hinge joints
|
|
|
Give example of a condyloid joint?
|
MCP
|
|
|
NAME
ex of this joint is the MCP joint |
condyloid joint
|
|
|
Give an example of a saddle joint?
|
CMC thumb joint
|
|
|
NAME
ex of this is the CMC thumb joints |
saddle joint
|
|
|
what are multiaxial joints?
|
joints that can move in 3 planes around three axes
|
|
|
NAME
these are joint that can move around in 3 planes in 3 axes |
multiaxial joints
|
|
|
multiaxial joints are also called (1)
|
triaxial joint
|
|
|
(1)are also called triaxial joints
|
multiaxial
|
|
|
Give an of a ball and socket joint?
|
hip and shoulder joint
|
|
|
what are (2)types of biaxial diarthoridal joints?
|
(1)candyloid (2)saddle
|
|
|
what are an example of a triaxial joint?
|
ball and socket joint
|
|
|
the ball and socket joint is a (1)jont
|
triaxial synovial joint
|
|
|
the saddle joint is a (1)joint
|
biaxial diathrodial
|
|
|
the condyloid joint is a (1)joint
|
biaxial diathrodial joint
|
|
|
the pivot joint is the (1)joint
|
uniaxial diathrodial jont
|
|
|
the hinge joint is the (1)joint
|
uniaxial diathrodial joint
|
|
|
the plane joint is a (1)joint
|
non-axial diathrodial joint
|
|
|
what body position is the body most stable in?
|
squating w the legs as far apart to increase BoS
|
|
|
you are ice skating w friend, your friend falls and you try to pick her up but fall. this best demonstrates (1)
|
Unbalanced force (fix here)
|
|
|
you are carrying an object in your arms, what is the best way to stabilze the object?
|
closes to the elbow
|
|
|
Shear direction is always in the direction of the (1)of the movement while friction is in the (2)direction of the movement
|
(1)same(2)opposite
|
|
|
What is the next plan of action as an OT if the client's range of motion is limited?
|
(1)test PROM (2)test end feel
|
|
|
what happens if the person has decreased AROM but normal PROM? what can you conclude?
|
that person has muscle weakness
|
|
|
why must you place the client thumbs up when doing shoulder abduction? (2)
|
to make sure that the scapula is moving and does not push into the clavicle (2)ex depressed clavicular fracture can hit subclavican artery
|
|
|
the elbow has 15 to 140 ROM. where is the limitation?
|
look up
|
|
|
the elbow has 0 to 90 ROM. where is the limitation?
|
flexion of the elbow
|
|
|
the elbow has 5 to 17 degrees of ROM. where is the limitation?
|
flexion
|
|
|
For shoulder flex/extension, (3)
what is the axis? where do you position the stationary arm and the moveable arm? |
(1)ancromom (2)stationary arm- trunk (3)moveable arm=humerus
|
|
|
what is normal range of motion for shoulder extension?
|
o to 70
|
|
|
what is normal range of motion for internal rotation?
|
0 to 70
|
|
|
what is the normal range of motion for external rotation?
|
0 to 90
|
|
|
T or F
you may not get full range of motion w abd and add |
true
|
|
|
NAME
this is the amount of movement that is possible at the joint |
ROM
|
|
|
what is ROM?
|
amount of movement that is possible at the joint
|
|
|
NAMe
this is when the joint is moved by the muscles that act on the joint |
AROM
|
|
|
what is AROM ?
|
is when the joint is moved by muscles that act on the joint
|
|
|
NAME
this is when the joint is moved by an outside force such as therapist |
PROM
|
|
|
T or F
in normal indvls, PROM is not slightly greater than AROM |
false
|
|
|
why is PROM slightly greater than AROM in normaly indvls?
|
bc slight elasticity of the soft tissue...the additional passive ROM that is available at the end of the NROM helps to protect the joint by absorbing exterinistc forces
|
|
|
how does the additional passive ROM that is availble at the end of the normal active ROM protect the joints?
|
absorbs extrensic forces
|
|
|
A client who constantly has to work to overcome the resistance of inflexible will auto have (1)
|
decreased endurnace and fatigue
|
|
|
inflexibiltiy of joint may adveresely affect both (1)and (2) and (3)
|
speed, and strenght of movement and restric the clients abiltiy to do ADLS
|
|
|
what is joint measurement?
|
is an assessment tool often used for physical disabilities that cause limited joint motion
|
|
|
NAME
this is an assessment tool often used for physical disabilties that causes limited joint motion |
joint measurement
|
|
|
what are some things that can limit ROM?(6)
|
(1)adhesions (2)hand trauma (3)burns (4)arthrisis (5)fractures (6)displacement of fibrocartilage or the presence of other foriegn material
|
|
|
limited ROM, can also be 2nd what can have problems?(4)
|
(1)edema (2)pain (3)muscle weakness (4)spasicty (5)
|
|
|
NAME
this is feeling the bony landmarks and soft tissue around the joint |
palpation
|
|
|
what is END feel?
|
is the normal resistance to further joint motion
|
|
|
what results in the differ END feels? (4)
|
bc of stretching of soft tissue, (2)stretching of ligaments, and joint capsule (3)approximation of soft tissue (4) contact of bone
|
|
|
NAME
this is the normal resistance to further joint motion |
END Feel
|
|
|
When does abnormal END feels occur?(2)what causes it?
|
(1)the ROM is increased or decreased (2)when ROM is normal but structures other than normal anatomy stop the ROM
|
|
|
NAME
this can be caused by the ROM is increased or decreased or when ROM is normal but structures other than normal anatomy stop the ROM |
abnormal END feel
|
|
|
When is the END feel normal?
|
when full range is reached and motin is limted by normal antomaical structures
|
|
|
Give an ex of a hard end feel?
|
is bone contacting bone when the elbow is passively extended and the olecrannon process comes into contact w the olecrannon fossa
|
|
|
Give an ex of a soft end feel?
|
on knee flexion when there is a soft tissue apposition of the poasterior aspects of the thigh and calf
|
|
|
Give an ex of a firm END feel?
|
when the ankle is dorsflexed w knee in extension and the ROM is limted by tension in the gastrocnemius muscle
|
|
|
in 180 degree positon, what is the starting position?
|
0 degrees
|
|
|
NAME
this literally means to "measure angles" |
goniometers
|
|
|
what are some types of goniomters? (3)or alternative methods
|
all differ kinds...have smaller, bigger ones, ones that only measure 180 degrees, (2)speacil gonimoters may be used to measure cervical and spine ROM (3)tape measure may also be used measure the distance btwn 2 segments (4)may also have a fluid indicator that provides the reading after motion is completed
|
|
|
Some gonimoters may also have a (1)
|
fluid indicator that provides the reading after motion completed
|
|
|
T or
2 joint muscle feels taut when it is at its full length |
true
|
|
|
T or F
all motions can be related to the 360 method |
false
|
|
|
what motions can not be related to the 360 method?
|
those in the horizontal plane such as pronation and supination (2)hip internal and ext rotation (3)radial and ulnar deviation (4)thumb abduction
|
|
|
Normal ROM starts at (1)and proceeds to (2)
|
0 degrees (2)180
|
|
|
when it is not possible to start at 0 degrees bc of limitded ROM. how do you record the data?
|
(1)it is recorded by writing the number of degrees started first then number of degrees at final position
|
|
|
you measure someone's ROM. how would you record the data.
extension limitations-15 to 140 degrees flexion-0 to 110 degres |
Flexion and extension limitations-15 to 110
|
|
|
if the client has abnormal hyperextension, how would you record your data?
|
indicate the number of degrees below hyperextension w minus sign, followed by the 0 degree position, and number of degrees at final postion
|
|
|
what is important to note about movments of the shoulder?
|
the scapula movement accompanies mvoements of the shoulder
|
|
|
scapula movement accompies moveemnt of the (1)
|
shoulder
|
|
|
(1)movement accompanies movemnt of the shoulder
|
scapula
|
|
|
if scapular ROM is restricted, how should you proceed w the client?
|
do not go above 90 degrees bc could cause damage to the glenohumeral joint
|
|
|
why should you not proceed w reg shoulder movement if the client has restricted scapular ROM?
|
the shoulder joint is moved into extreme ranges that can cause damage to the glenohumeral join
|
|
|
what does FROM stand for?
|
functioanal range of motion
|
|
|
What is FROM?
|
refers to the amount of joint necessary to perform essential ADLS and IADLs w. out use of speacil equipment
|
|
|
NAME
this refers to the amount of joint necessary to perform essential ADLS and IADLs w,out use of special equipment |
FROM
|
|
|
what is the next step. after finding out that the client has reduced ROM? what treatment appraoch would this be?
|
attempting to increase ROM that is limiting performance in BADLS (2)restore
|
|
|
what is the first concern of the intervention according to the biomechianical appraoch?
|
attempt to increase ROM that is limited performance in BADLS (2)restore)
|
|
|
the client has ROM limitations that are permanenet? what treatment appraoch would you use?
|
modify/compensate possibilities include training of how to use assitive devices like button hook, shoe horn, long handled comb, reacher
|
|
|
in many diagnoses such as burns and arthritis, the loss of ROM can be anticapted, what treatment appraoch would you use? how would you do this? (6)
|
maintain and prevent by (2)splints, (3)positioning (4)exercise (5)activity (6)application of joint protection
|
|
|
what are some methods that can be used to increase ROM? (11)
|
(1)stretching exercises (2)resistive activity (3)excerise (4)strengthening of antagonistic muscle groups (5)activities that require active motion of the affect through FULL available ROM (6)splints (7)positioning (8)surgury (9)manipulation of the part (10)joint mobilization techniques (11)massages
|
|
|
what factors affects normal ROM?(4)
|
(1)age (2)gender (3)lifetyle (4)occupation
|
|
|
NAME
measurements of this joint are the least accurate |
cervical
|
|
|
why are the measurements of the cervical joint the least accurate?
|
bc the neck has few bony landmarks and musch soft tissue overlying bony segements
|
|
|
what are the best ways to for cervical ROM measurement? (2)
|
(1)radiographic exam (2)tape measure to measure distance btwn distance changes such asb twn the chin and chest
|
|
|
what is normal ROM for cervical flexion?
|
0 to 45
|
|
|
what is normal ROM for cervical extension of the spine?
|
0 to 45
|
|
|
what is normal ROM for lateral flexion of cervical spine?
|
0 to 45
|
|
|
what is normal ROM for rotation of the cervical spine?
|
0 to 60
|
|
|
what is normal ROM for shoulder flexion?
|
0 to 170
|
|
|
what is normal ROM for shoulder extension?
|
0 to 60
|
|
|
what is normal ROM for shoulder abduction?
|
0 to 170
|
|
|
what is normal ROM for shoulder adduction>
|
0
|
|
|
what is normal ROM for internal rotation of shoulder
|
0 to 60 to 70
|
|
|
what is normal ROM for shoulder external rotation?
|
0 to 80 to 90
|
|
|
what is normal ROM for horizontal shoulder adduction?
|
0 to 130
|
|
|
what is normal ROM for horizontal abduction?
|
0 to 40
|
|
|
For IR, at a therpist, what should you be paying careful attention to?
|
watch for compensation such as supination, leaning over, and extra shoulder movement
|
|
|
For shoulder abduction,
(4) what is the axis? where do you position the stationary bar? where do you position the moveable bar? what is the END feel? |
(1)axis-acromion process on posterior surface of shoulder (2)stationary bar-parallel to trunk (3)moveable bar-parellel to humerus (4)firm END feel
|
|
|
in order to do ER and IR what does the client need to already have?
|
min of 90 degrees of abduction and flexion
|
|
|
if the client cannot go 90 degrees, how should you preceed in measuring ER and IR?
|
use the alternative method
|
|
|
for shoulder flexion
(4) what is the axis? where do you position the stationary bar? where do you position the moveable bar? what is the END feel? |
(1)axis=acromion process (lateral side of arm)(2)stationary bar-parallel to trunk (3)movable bar-parallel to humerus (4)firm
|
|
|
for shoulder extension,
(4) what is the axis? where do you position the stationary bar? where do you position the moveable bar? what is the END feel? |
(1)axis=acromion process (lateral side of arm)(2)stationary bar-parallel to trunk (3)movable bar-parallel to humerus (4)firm
|
|
|
for IR of the shoulder,
(4) what is the axis? where do you position the stationary bar? where do you position the moveable bar? what is the END feel? |
(1)axis-olecranon process of the elbow (2)stationary bar and moveable bar-parellel to forearm (3)firm
|
|
|
for shoulder ER,
(4) what is the axis? where do you position the stationary bar? where do you position the moveable bar? what is the END feel? |
(1)axis-olecranon process of elbow (2)the stationar and moveable bar-parallel to the forearm (3)firm
|
|
|
for shoulder IR (alternative position),
(4) what is the axis? where do you position the stationary bar? where do you position the moveable bar? what is the END feel? |
(1)axis-olecranon process of elbow (2)the stationar and moveable bar-parallel to the forearm (3)firm
|
|
|
for shoulder horizontal abduction,
(4) what is the axis? where do you position the stationary bar? where do you position the moveable bar? what is the END feel? |
(1)axis-acromion process (2)stationary bar-parallel in line w the floor(3)movable bar-parallel to the humerus
|
|
|
for horizontal shoulder adduction,
(4) what is the axis? where do you position the stationary bar? where do you position the moveable bar? what is the END feel? |
(1)axis-acromion process (2)stationary bar-parallel in line w the floor (3)movable bar-parallel to the humerus
|
|
|
for elbow extension to flexion(alternative method)?
(1)axis-acromion process (2)stationary bar-parallel over the shoulder toward the neck and the (3)movable bar-parallel to the humerus |
(1)axis-elbow crease (2)the stationary bar-parellel to humerus (3)moveable arm-radius (4)start w 180 degrees this time
|
|
|
what is normal range of motion for elbow flexion?
|
0 to 135 to 150
|
|
|
why is their such as difference in the normal range of elbow flexion?
|
bc of fat tissue
|
|
|
what does TPM stand for?
|
total passive motion
|
|
|
say that
end position of elbow was 139 extension starting position was 09 how would you record your data? |
TAM- -9-139
|
|
|
Draw a pic of the ROM eval
|
see notes
|
|
|
Draw a pic of ROM eval
|
see notes
|
|
|
if the AROM if not WFL, what is the next step for therapist to take?
|
Do PROM
|
|
|
if the AROm is limited and PROM is not limted what can the therapist conclude?
|
due to muscle weakness, edema, or pain
|
|
|
if the AROM is limited and the PROM, and the end feel is soft what can the therapist conclude?
|
may be due to pain
|
|
|
if the AROm is limited and the PROM is limited and the END feel is hard, what can the therapist conlcude?
|
do to bony block
|
|
|
for the normal range of motion for elbow extension?
|
0
|
|
|
what is the normal ROM for elbow flexion?
|
0 to 135 to 150
|
|
|
what is the normal ROM for pronation?
|
0 to 80 to 90
|
|
|
what is the normal ROM for supination?
|
0 to 80 to 90
|
|
|
for supination and pronation,
(4) (1)what is the axis> (2)what is the movable arm? (3)what is the stationary arm positioned? |
(1)axis-ulnar staloid (2)start at 180 degrees (3)stationary arm-perp to floor (3)moveable arm- dorsum of hand
|
|
|
for supination and pronation, (alternative method)
(4) (1)what is the axis> (2)what is the movable arm? (3)what is the stationary arm positioned? |
(1)axis-over the head of the 3 metacarpal (2)180 degrees start (3)stationary bar-per to floor (4)moveable arm-parellel to penicil
|
|
|
For wrist flexion and extension
(4) (1)what is the axis> (2)what is the movable arm? (3)what is the stationary arm positioned? |
(1)axis-snuff box (2)start at 180 degrees (3)moveable bar-3 metacarpal (4)stationary-oer the midline of the dorsum of the hand
|
|
|
for radial and ulnar deviation?
(4) (1)what is the axis> (2)what is the movable arm? (3)what is the stationary arm positioned? |
(1)axis-middle finger MCJ (has dip) (2)moveable arm-=lined w 2nd MCP (middle finger) (3)stationary arm-midline of dorsum (3)start at 180 degrees
|
|
|
what is the normal ROM for wrist flexion?
|
0 to 80
|
|
|
what is the normal ROM for wrist extension?
|
0 to 70
|
|
|
what is the normal ROM for ulnar deviation?
|
0 to 30
|
|
|
what is the normal ROM for radial deviation?
|
0 to 20
|
|
|
what is the normal ROM for thumb DIP flexion?
|
0 to 80-90
|
|
|
what is the normal ROM for thumb MP flexion?
|
0 to 50
|
|
|
what is the normal ROM for thumb adduction ?
|
0
|
|
|
what is the normal ROM for thumb abduction?
|
0 to 50
|
|
|
what is the normal ROM for finger MP flexion?
|
0 to 90
|
|
|
what is the normal ROM for finger MP hyperextension?
|
0 to 15 to 45
|
|
|
what is the normal ROM for finger PIP flexion?
|
0 to 110
|
|
|
what is the normal ROM for finger DIP flexion?
|
0 to 80
|
|
|
what is the normal ROM for finger abduction?
|
0 to 25
|
|
|
what kind of touch should you avoid?
|
light touch
|
|
|
what kind of touch do you want to use?
|
firm touch
|
|
|
T or F
indvls can do damage w self-range of motion |
true
|
|
|
Give an example of (2)2-jointed muscles?
|
(1)wrist extension (2)finger flexion
|
|
|
what are some exs of observations you should make about the client before you do ROM measurements (4)
|
(1)posture (2)compensatory motions (3)scars etc (4)how act in parking lot (outside of clinic)campared to inside
|
|
|
draping is all about making the (1)
|
client comfortable
|
|
|
T or F
IR and ER are in the frontal plane |
false
|
|
|
what are some different types of gonimeters? (5)
|
(1)full-circe (2)half-circle (3)finger (4)small plastic (5)other
|
|
|
when measureing joint crossed by 2 joint muscles, how should the therapist positon the joint not being used?
|
place the joint not being measured in neutral position or relaxed position
|
|
|
when is the full-circle gonimeter used ?
|
to measure ROM in the large joints of the body
|
