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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gait
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The sequence of limb motions to move the body forward while maintaining stability in stance
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Step
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The distance between one floor contact and the next floor contact
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Stride
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Distance between two steps
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Stance
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Period of ground contact with the foot.
60% of gait cycle HAT Advancement only |
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Swing
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Period of no ground contact with the foot.
40% GC HAT + Limb Advancement |
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Stance parts
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Initial double limb stance (10% GC)
Single limb stance (40% GC) Terminal double limb stance (10% GC) |
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Parts of Initial Double Limb Stance
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Initial Contact (0%-2% GC)
Loading Response (0%-10% GC) |
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Initial Contact (IC)
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Foot touches ground
Prepare for weight loading Initiates Heel Rocker External Force= GRF causes PF and knee hyperextension Internal Force= DF eccentric contraction and HS and Quads fire to stabilize knee |
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Loading Response (LR)
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Started by IC-Heel Rocker-Foot Flat-contralateral foot lifts
Absorbs shock, transfers weight between limbs, and continues forward progression External Force= knee and hip flexion (GRF) (No GRF PF) Internal Force= knee ext (quads) and hip ext (glut max) |
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Parts of Single Limb Stance
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Mid-Stance (10%-30% GC)
Terminal Stance (30%-50% GC) |
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Mid-stance (MSt)
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100% of WB on one limb
Ankle Rocker- Tibia progression Center of pressure rapidly progresses from heel to forefoot External Force= DF and knee flexion to knee ext (GRF) Internal Force= Eccentric control of DF (Soleus) |
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Terminal Stance (TSt)
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Heel starts to lift (Forefoot Rocker)
Center of pressure leaves the base of support of foot causing a controlled fall Push-off phase External Force= DF (GRF) Internal Force= PF (Gastroc/Soleus) |
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Limb Advancement
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Pre-swing (50%-60% GC)
Initial Swing (60%-73% GC) Mid-Swing (73%-87% GC) Terminal Swing (87%-100% GC) |
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Pre-Swing (PSw)
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Contralateral foot touches the ground (Terminal Double limb stance)-Toe Rocker-WB quickly diminishing-Foot lifts
Swing preparation External Force= knee flexion and decreasingly small DF (GRF and a little gastroc) Internal Force= decreasing counter PF (Gastroc/Soleus), knee ext (Quads), and hip flexion (rectus femoris and adductor mass) |
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Initial Swing (ISw)
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First 1/3 of swing
Foot leaves the ground-foot clearance-swinging foot catches up with the stance leg Foot clearance= Foot DF (TA), Knee Flexion (Gastroc-bicep femoris), hip flexion (iliopsoas) |
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Mid-Swing (MSw)
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Middle 1/3 of swing
Swing foot catches up with the stance leg-knee ext- tibia becomes vertical External Force= Hip ext, knee ext, foot PF (gravity) Internal Force= Hip flexion (Iliopsoas), Knee Ext (quads), Foot DF |
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Terminal Swing (TSw)
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Last 1/3 of swing
Tibia becomes vertical- Knee exts-Initial contact Considered pre-stance=preparing the leg for weight shift and baring External Forces= Knee ext and hip flexion (momentum), hip ext, knee flex, and PF (gravity) Internal Forces= Knee and hip stabilization (Quads and HS co-contraction), DF (TA) |
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Functional Divisions
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Locomotor Unit: Legs, Pelvis, Lumbar Spine
Passenger Unit: Head, Arms, Pelvis, Lumbar Spine |
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Vertical Ground Reaction Force
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Quick increase with Loading Response
Slight decrease due to shock absorption Quick increase with push off Quick decrease with transferring of weight |
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AP Sheering Forces
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Quick initial braking with initial contact (planting foot)
Neutral forces as you heel, ankle, and forefoot rock Quick propulsion as you push off in terminal stance |
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Medial-Lateral Forces
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Small initial lateral force (period of possible ankle sprains)
Rest of the time is medially directed force |
