Kines 350 Exam 3

Front 1

top chambers

Back 1

Atria

Front 2

lower chambers

Back 2

Ventricles

Front 3

between left atrium and ventricle

Back 3

Mitral (bicuspid)

Front 4

between right atrium and ventricle

Back 4

Tricuspid

Front 5

between left ventricle and aorta

Back 5

Aortic

Front 6

between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Back 6

Semilunar

Front 7

origin of depolarization wave

Back 7

SA Node

Front 8

i. Delays depolarization wave
ii. Often sight of conduction blocks

Back 8

AV Node

Front 9

Rapid conduction to left and right ventricle

Back 9

AV Bundle

Front 10

Conduction throughout ventricles

Back 10

Purkinje Fibers

Front 11

Corresponds to atrial contraction

Back 11

P wave

Front 12

Corresponds to ventricular depolarization

Back 12

QRS Complex

Front 13

Corresponds to ventricular repolarization

Back 13

T Wave

Front 14

Amount of blood ejected per beat

Back 14

Stoke Volume

Front 15

Percentage of end-diastolic volume ejected

Back 15

Ejection Fraction

Front 16

Rate of cardiac pumping

Back 16

Cardiac Output

Front 17

Peak pressure exerted during systole

Back 17

Systolic Blood Pressure

Front 18

Minimum pressure in arteries during diastole

Back 18

Diastolic Blood Pressure

Front 19

Stimulated by tension and accumulation of metabolites in muscle

Back 19

Exercise Pressor Reflex

Front 20

Parallels motor unit recruitment

Back 20

Central Command

Front 21

Respond to both increases and decreases in blood pressure during exercise.

Back 21

Baroreflexes

Front 22

Amount of pressure or volume distending the ventricle at end-diastole

Back 22

Preload

Front 23

Intrathoracic pressure is negative
• “Sucks” blood into chest and lungs
• Right heart output increases, left heart output decreases

Back 23

Inspiration

Front 24

• Intrathoracic pressure is positive
• May restrict blood entering chest, unless high abdominal pressure overcomes the effect
• Blood expelled from lungs
• Right side output decreases, left side increases

Back 24

Expiration

Front 25

“milking” action of muscles
i. forces blood toward the heart
ii. Decreases venous pressure, sucking” more blood through the muscle

Back 25

Muscle Pump

Front 26

Prevent back flow into muscle
Particularly important during standing

Back 26

Venous Valves

Front 27

Forces opposing the ejection of blood from the ventricle

Back 27

Afterload

Front 28

Contractile force not dependent on preload or afterload
In heart, usually associated with a change in intracellular [Ca++]

Back 28

Contractility

Front 29

All chambers of the heart, great veins
As filling pressure decreases, stimulates an increase in vasoconstriction

Back 29

Low Pressure Baroreflexes

Front 30

Aortic arch, carotid arteries
As blood pressure decreases, stimulates vasoconstriction and increased HR

Back 30

High Pressure Baroreflexes

Front 31

1. Arises from exercising skeletal muscle
2. Stimulates reflex increases in blood pressure

Back 31

Exercise Pressor Reflex

Front 32

a. Large; muscular walls, with a high proportion of elastin
b. Tolerate high pressure by stretching, which helps maintain forward flow during diastole

Back 32

Arteries

Front 33

a. Smaller; less muscular walls
b. Majority of resistance drop in the circulation

Back 33

Arterioles

Front 34

a. Thin walls, no muscle
b. Specialized for quick diffusion

Back 34

Capillaries

Front 35

a. Small veins; very distensible; little muscle

Back 35

Venules

Front 36

a. Low resistance, flexible conduits

Back 36

Veins

Front 37

a. Transport of substances
b. Temperature regulation
c. Acid-base (pH) regulation

Back 37

Blood

Front 38

a. Transport of proteins from tissue
b. Prevent edema (swelling)

Back 38

Lymph

Front 39

i. carry O2 bound to hemoglobin
ii. 15g/100 mL hemoglobin

Back 39

Red blood cells

Front 40

I. Important anti-bacterial actions

Back 40

White Blood Cells

Front 41

1. Resistance to flow
2. Can limit blood flow if Hct>60%

Back 41

Viscosity

Front 42

causes greater contractile force with high preload

Back 42

Frank-Starling Mechanisms

Front 43

“stretchiness” of the heart

Back 43

Distensibility

Front 44

i. Lower at rest during standing
ii. Nearly maximal at rest while supine

Back 44

Body Position

Front 45

i. Greater at rest and during exercise in athletes
ii. Increase may plateau during moderate exercise in untrained people

Back 45

Greater Status

Front 46

Forces blood out of the lungs

Back 46

Valsalva maneuver

Front 47

Process of moving air through the lungs

Back 47

Ventilation

Front 48

Process of exchanging O2 and CO2 for metabolism

Back 48

Respiration

Front 49

Dome shaped, “flattens” to expand lungs

Back 49

Diaphragm

Front 50

Lift rib cage upward and outward

Back 50

External Intercostals

Front 51

direct determination of volume

Back 51

Spirometry

Front 52

1. Replenish O2 supply (oxygenate blood)
2. Remove CO2 from venous blood

Back 52

Pulmonary Diffusion

Front 53

Pressure driving diffusion

Back 53

Gas Exchange

Front 54

Random movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

Back 54

Diffusion