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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Measures of Variability |
-Allows for further analysis of the scores -Commonly used: range, variance, standard |
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variance |
How much variation there is in a distinction (in scores/values) |
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Standard Deviation |
Explains how spread out the scores/values are in a distribution |
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Why use Z-scores? |
-Cant find the area under the curve at any point, lets us find the percentile we fall in |
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Advantages of using z-score? |
-Clarity, comparison |
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Descriptive Statistics |
Mean, median, mode, range, variance, standard deviation, z-scores |
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Inferential Statistics |
Hypothesis Testing, Correlations, Regressions, ANOVA, Multivariate Stats |
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Bivarate Correlation |
-Measure of association between two continuous variables -SHAPE, DIRECTION, SHAPE OF RELATIONSHIP |
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Strength |
-Use with ratio or interval data only |
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Direction |
-No correlation -Positive correlation (same direction) |
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Shape |
-Plotted with a scatterplot |
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What does the square of the correlation coefficient (r^2) indicate? |
-Percentage of variance in common with two variables |
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In order to estimate the value of one variable from another? |
There must be a correlation between the two |
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Two components of correlation? |
Direction and shape |
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Multiple Regression (more than one IV) |
3 main purposes -To PREDICT -To MODEL -To CONTROL |
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Finding the Regression |
-Found by a procedure called "least squares" -Best Fit |
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Descriptive Statistics |
Do not allow for the generalization of a population |
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Inferential Statistics |
Relates to the results and addresses the population |
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Hypothesis Testing |
GOAL: Make a statement regarding unkown population parameter values based on sample data |
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Parameter |
Characteristic of a population |
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Why set at .05? |
-Probability of obtaining the results by chance |
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Type 1 error |
When you reject a true null hypothesis |
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Correct decision |
True H0, that we accept our null hypothesis |
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Type II error (false positive) |
When do you not reject a false null hypothesis |
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Chi Squared Test |
Looking to see if there is an associated between nominal variables |
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T-Test |
-Compare two means on some variable -Examine the difference in one continuous DV between two independent groups -ONE NOMINAL and ONE RATIO |
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Dependent (Paired) T-test |
-Compares two sample means from the same group subjects |
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Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) |
-Examine group differences between one continuous DV and one nominal-scaled IV (groups) -in place of T-test (3 or more groups/levels) |
