Kin 231 Part 2

Front 1

What distinguishes the behaviour of the deterioirators from the persisters?

Back 1

Their cognitions

Front 2

What is mastery oriented and learned helplessness in the Dweck and Resspucci Study

Back 2

Mastery oriented- attributions that imply their mistakes are reversible

Learned helplessness- imlied that losing is inevitable and they can do nothing to succeed

Front 3

What's the difference between Functional attributions and dysfunctional attributions

Back 3

FA- performance caused by controllable and unstable factors (Lack of effort)

DA- Performance caused by an uncontrollable and stable factors

Front 4

What can attribution intervention alter the impact of losing much more so than_______?

Back 4

Prior level of proficiancy

history of winning

Front 5

What do implications do?

Back 5

Teach individuals how to deal with losing by altering aversive attribution patterns

Front 6

What happened to 11 and 12 year olds who were retrained to focuson strategy attributions for failure

Back 6

1. Reported more perceived success

2. Made more internal and controllable attributions for success

Front 7

Basketballdribbling- university recreational basketball playersRettraining failure to controllable and unstablefactos (effort resulted in :

Back 7

1. Improvement of dribbling

2. Increase in productive attribution

Front 8

IN tennis players:

Retraining failure to controllable and unstable factors resulted in

Back 8

1. Grater expectations for future success

2. More positive emotions

Front 9

rudisill and singer balance test

Back 9

basically said that COntrollable unstable factors persisted longer and increased performance vs. the uncontrollable stable factors.

Front 10

Wlaking seniors example

Back 10

Attributed being active to modifiable factors rather then old age= increase in distance walked

Front 11

Rehab outcomes

Back 11

Those who received Attributional Retraining - more self confidence

Control groups: no change

Front 12

Prof quality , test difficulty, strategy , effort...

Back 12

Those who retrained did better on test

Those whi did no training - same scores

Front 13

What are the points to consider whilst looking at attribution?

Back 13

1. An individual must know how to act on the attribution

2. Point of attributional retraining- to keep individuals from attributing their losing to a lack of ability and giving up as a result

3. Attributional style-personality variable that reflects how people typically explain outcomes.

Front 14

Which of the following is the most correct statement about learned helplessness ?

a. It appears more in children then adultsb. It is a competeance problem , not a control problemc. It implies that mistakes are revesile with hard work d. It is a control problem, not a competence problem

Back 14

c. It is a control problem, not a competence problem

Front 15

What is transtheoretical model?

Back 15

Precomtemplation

Contemplation

Preparation

Action

Maintenance

Front 16

What is precontemplation in TTM?

And the characteristics of it

Back 16

Ready to not take action, no intetion of starting to take action in next 6 months

3 characteristics=

1. uniformed

2. demoralized

3. denial

Front 17

Contemplation in ttm?

Back 17

Thinking about taking action in the next 6 months

Front 18

Preparation in TTM?

Back 18

Getting ready to take action , intend to start in the next 30 days , like find a trainer and buy shoes and all that

Front 19

Action in TTM?

Back 19

Behaviuor change is recently strted , been doing it for less then 6 months

Front 20

Maintenance in TTM

Back 20

Behaviour has been changed for less the 6 months

Front 21

What is self efficacy and what is the exercise barrier in self efficacy?

Back 21

1- being not confident 5- being very confident

Exercise barriers : When you stressed when your tired, when you dont have a work out buddy

Front 22

What is the decisional balance ?

Back 22

Pros and cons of something like that would sway your decision

Pros of exercise: Better sleep more energy more productivity

Cons of exercise : takes time could get injured and equioment cost money

Front 23

What is the difference between Experinential proceses and behavioural stages?

Back 23

Experiential- individuals awareness of themselves and their exercise

Behavioural- Behaviours undertaken to change aspects of the environment that may affect being active

Front 24

WHat is a down fall of TTM?

Back 24

It cannot reliably predict which stage an individual will move to and when

Front 25

What is theory of planned behaviour?

Back 25

The theory states that attitude toward behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, together shape an individual's behavioral intentions and behaviors

Front 26

Whether a person intends on doing somethingdepends on 3 main factors what are they?

Back 26

1. Attitude- weather the person is in favour of it

2. Subjective norms how much social pressure the person feels to do it

3. PBC- perciveed control over performance of a behaviour

Front 27

What is some application of the Theory of planned behaviour?

Back 27

Educate- to imporve attitude by increaseing knowledege of benefits

Norm- make the activity a norm

-PBC -provide skills to deal with barriers

Front 28

What is social cognitive theory?

Back 28

individual's knowledge acquisition can be directly related to observing others within the context of social interactions, experiences, and outside media influences

Front 29

What are the factors in Bandura's Reciprocal determinism

Back 29

Behavioural- what type of sport

Personal - how much do you like to sport

Environmental- can you get to the games/practices

Front 30

What is the core of self confidence?

Back 30

Self efficacy beliefs,

Front 31

What is self efficacy?

Back 31

Situation specific confidence , the belief that you can execute the actions required for a situation

Front 32

What are the 4 stages of Self Efficacy?

Back 32

Past experiences

Vicarious experiences

Social persuasion

Physiological and affective states

Front 33

WHat are Past experiences in SE

Back 33

pervious performance affects ones beleifs of capability

Front 34

What are Vicarious experiences in SE

Back 34

Comparing to other who have similar skills

Front 35

What is social persuasion in SE?

Back 35

Self talk and encouragement from others

Front 36

WHat is Physiological and affective states in SE

Back 36

Physical and emotional cues associated with different performances

Front 37

WHat has SE been positively linked to?

Back 37

Sport performance

-exercise adherance

-energy expenditure

Front 38

ACHEIVMENT GOAL THEORY- what are the 2 ways that one defines success in an achievement task

Back 38

Task goal orientation- Referencing past experiences as origin of competence feeling (Emphasize mastery)

Ego goal orientation- comparing with others to gain social status (Emphasize wining)

Front 39

When do kids stop being task oriented?

Back 39

when they can differentiate between ability and effort

Front 40

What are the 3 factors task goals are associated with ? On the Task ego orientation in sport questionnaire

Back 40

1.Increase self efficacy

2. Increase enjoyment

3. Increase future success

Front 41

What are the 2 factors associated with Ego orientation On the Task ego orientation in sport questionnaire?

Back 41

1. avoiding practice and preferring to simply compete

2. Ego= best predictor of a negative youth experience

Front 42

What should teacher try to implement more task orientation or ego orientation

Back 42

Task orientation

Front 43

What is cognitive evaluation theory?

Back 43

Explains the effects of social context on an individuals intrinsic motivation

Front 44

How does social environment effect IM?

Back 44

- One study showed the intrinsic interest in an activity may be decreased by inducing an individual to engage in an activity to obtain some extrinsic goal

Front 45

What happens during an event that influences ones competence?

Back 45

It will ultimately effect IM

Front 46

What are the 2 things that events capable of influencing IM possess?

SEE PAGE 23 for more help

Back 46

Controlling and informational aspects

Front 47

What are some study that showed External reward negatively influence IM?

Back 47

Scholarship fooball players reported lower IM then those not on scholarship

Front 48

What are some feedback form coaches that resulted in IM increase?

Back 48

Increase positive information

Decrease negative/ punishment feeback

Increased dictator behaviour

Decreased democratic behaviour

Front 49

What are some limitations to Cognitive evaluation theory?

Back 49

applies only to tasks that are highly interesting

does not account for relatedness which is a psychological need

Front 50

What is organismic integration theory?

Back 50

Explains the motivation of non-intrinsically motivating behaviours on the basis of 3 psychological needs

Front 51

What are the 3 psychological needs of OIT

Back 51

Autonomy: Choices and control over own behaviour

Competence: handling challenges and achieving desired outcomes

relatedness: socially connecting and feeling involved

Front 52

What are the 6 basic categories of OIT

Back 52

1. Amotivation- no motivation

2. External regulation- least self determined "My parents are making me"

3. Interjected regulation-avoiding negative emotions "I don't want to let other down by quitting"

4. Identified regulation- choice linked with goals "Off season training will help me become better athlete"

5. Integrated regulation- Behaviour consistent with identity " make the olympic team to solidify myself as an athlete

6. Intrinsic- most self determined, " I love the sport"

Front 53

What are the various measures that have been deveopled for OIT

Back 53

Sport , PE, Exercise

Front 54

What are the 3 intrinsic measures

Back 54

IM to know-

IM toward accomplishment- mastery

IM to seek stimulation -exictment

Front 55

What are the 3 extrinsic measures?

Back 55

1. integrated -

2. Introjection- pressures to avoid negative emotions

3. Identification- behaviour linked to valued goals

Front 56

More self determined forms of motivation have been associated with_____ ( 3 things) in youth sport

Back 56

Increase persistance in organized youth sport

decrease drop out

increase intention to return

Front 57

What happend when coaches introduced autonomy in sport?

Back 57

Increase athlete self determination

- Increased athlete engagement

Front 58

What happend when they had autonomy in rehab?

Back 58

increase return form injury

- no pressure to return

Front 59

Look at the rest of the OIT on Lecture 13 pls

Back 59

for sum fun

Front 60

What is arousal?

Back 60

A blend of pshycho and phisio activation of an individuals autonomic nervous system

Neither pleasant or unpleasant

Front 61

What are the 5 characteristics of anxiety?

Back 61

1. Elicited following an appraisal

2. Universal across people of all cultures

3. Has a distict physiology

4. Associated with unique set of action tendencies to get angry, to mock , eat , ETC

5. Observed though deiscrete facial expression

Front 62

Whats the difference between Cognitive anxiety and Somatic anxiety?

Back 62

Cog- athletes concerns that reduce ability to focus

Somatic- physiological elements that develop directly from autonomic arousal

Front 63

Wha is the difference between State Anxiety vs. trait anxiety

Back 63

- State anxiety: associated with worries and apprehension at any given moment (A- State), may change form moment to moment -

Trait anxiety: A stable part of personality (A-trait), Predisposes individual to perceive situations as physically or psychologically threatening

Front 64

What is social anxiety?

Back 64

Occurs during social situations. EX public speaking

Front 65

What is social physique anxiety? (SPA)

Back 65

Experiencing anxiety due to evaluations of physique

Front 66

What is competitive trait anxiety?

Back 66

Associated with sport or competition concerns about body performance and skill

Front 67

What does more anxiety mean?

Back 67

Intensity of symptoms

Frequency of cognitive intrusions

directional interpretation of symptoms
(either positive or negative)

Front 68

look at general vs. specific anxiety

Back 68

on lecture

Front 69

What are the 5 personal sources of Anxiety?

Back 69

1. Experience skill level

2. gender

3. trait anxiety

4.Self confidence and self presentational beliefs

5. Self regulation strats

Front 70

Define experience and skill level in 5 sources of Anxiety

Back 70

no differences in experience

There are differences in direction (skilled=facilitative, unskilled=harmful)

Front 71

Define differences in gender in 5 sources of Anxiety

Back 71

Females experience higher social physique in exercise settings

Front 72

Define Trait anxiety in in 5 sources of Anxiety

Back 72

Traits influence level of state anxiety

- One size doesn't fit all

Stress is based on the person not the situation

Front 73

Define self confidence and self presentational beleifs in 5 sources of Anxiety

Back 73

beliefs about body and capability are sources of anxiety

Front 74

Define self regulation strategies in 5 sources of Anxiety

Back 74

Coping skils(SELF TALK)

don't set self handicapping behaviours

Front 75

What is the MAT (multi- dimensional anxiety theory)

Back 75

Has multiple dimensions like sport performance and anxiety, or somatic cognitive

Front 76

As worry and apprehension increase what decreases?

Back 76

Sport performance

Front 77

What is zones of optimal functioning?

Back 77

Optimal state of anxiety that veries with individuals

Zoned athletes have better performances then those out of zone

Front 78

What are 3 things that are important while looking at sport-anxiety theory

Back 78

1.relationship between anxiety and performance differs between athletes

2. anxiety isn't always detremental to sport

3. everyone is different

Front 79

What is the cusp catastrophe theory?

Back 79

- Describes combined influences of cognitive state anxiety and physiological arousal

Recognizes anxiety/ athletic performance is complex

Front 80

What are the 5 predictions of woodman and hardy in CUSP catastrophe theory

Back 80

1. When cognitive state anxiety is low, the relationship between physiological arousal and performance is an inverted U-shape

2. When physiological arousal is low , elevations in cognitive state anxiety are associated with enhanced performance relative to the baseline

3. When physiological arousal is high, elevations in cognitive state anxiety are associated with performance declines

4. When cognitive state anxiety is high the effects of elevations in physiological arousal can be positive or negative for performance

5. When physiological arousal is moderately high and cognitive state anxiety is high, it predicts a dramatic performance drop, a catastrophe will occur

Front 81

When catastrophe not occur?

Back 81

With low cognitive state anxiety

Front 82

What are the 2 underlying mechanisms of Anxiety performance relationship?

Back 82

COGNITIVE

physiological

Front 83

What are the 3 attentional anxiety problems?

Back 83

1Amount -high anxiety= can't attend to large amounts of info

2.type- high anxious athletes attend to task irrelevant info

3. control- paralyis by analysis you loose control