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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
4 Distinct Evaluations
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1. Pre-participation (prior to start of season)
2. On-the-field assessment 3. Off-the-field evaluation (performed in the clinic/training room 4. Progress Evaluation |
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X-Axis
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Sagittal Plane / Medial-Lateral Axis
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Y-Axis
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Transverse Plane / Longitudinal Axis
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Z-Axis
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Frontal Plane / Anterior-Posterior Axis
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Etiology
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Cause of injury or disease
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Mechanism
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mechanical description of cause
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Pathology
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structural and functional changes associated with injury process
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Symptoms
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perceptible changes in body or function that indicate injury or illness (subjective)
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Sign
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objective, definitive and obvious indicator for specific condition
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Degree
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Grading for injury / condition
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Diagnosis
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Denotes name of specific condition
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Prognosis
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prediction of the course of the condition
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Sequela
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condition following and resulting from disease or injury ( pneumonia resulting from flu )
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Syndrome
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group of symptoms and signs that together indicate a particular injury or disease.
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HOPS
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History
Observation Palpation Special Tests |
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HIPS
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History
Inspection Palpation Special Tests |
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Special Tests :
Compare inert and contractile tissue and their integrity for CONTRACTILE TISSUE |
Lesion in contractile tissue will result in pain with motion (pain with active motion in one direction and with passive motion in opposite direction)
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Special Tests :
Compare inert and contractile tissue and their integrity for INERT TISSUE |
Lesion in inert tissue will elicit pain on active and passive motion in the same direction
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Active Range of Motion ( AROM)
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Should be first movement assessment
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Passive Range of Motion (PROM)
End Feel |
Athlete must remain relaxed to remove influence of contractile tisse
END FEEL - The specific quality of movement felt by an examiner moving a joint to the end of its ROM |
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Resisted Range of Motion ( RROM)
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Evaluate status of contractile tissue
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Postural Examination
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Used to look at asymmetries by comparing body relative to grid or plumb line
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Anthropometric Measurements
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Science of measuring the body
Includes ostemetry, craniometry, skin-fold measurements, height and weight. |
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Volumetric Measurements
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- Used to determine changes in limb volume caused by swelling which can be attributed to hemorrhaging, edema or inflammation.
- Measure water that is displaced from a tank in which limb is immersed. |
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S . O . A . P
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Subjective
Objective Assessment Plan |
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IMAGING TECHNOLOGIES
Radiographs ( plain film x-ray ) |
Bone injuries, joint surfaces / spaces
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Computed Tomography ( CT ) Scan
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Bony / articular cartilage injuries
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( MRI )
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Soft tissue injuries ( ligament, menisci )
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Bone Scan
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Acute bony changes ( ex. Stress fx. ), injection of a radionuclide Tc- 99m
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DEXA Scan
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Bone Density
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Ultrasonic Imaging
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Tendon / soft tissue imaging
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Arthrography
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Visual study of joint via X-ray after injection of dye, air, or a combination of both
Shows disruption of soft tissue and loose bodies |
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Arthroscopy
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Invasive technique, using fiber-optic arthroscope, used to assess joint integrity and damage
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Myelography
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Opaque dye injected into epidural space of spinal canal ( through lumbar puncture )
Used to detect tumors, nerve root compression and disk disease and other diseases associated with the spinal cord. |
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Arteriogram
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Catheter inserted into blood vessel and contrast medium is injected
Using x-ray, images are taken to determine path of fluid flow in vessels |
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Venogram
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Radiographic procedure used to image veins filled with contrast medium
Used for detecting thrombophlebitis and for tracing of venous pulse |
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Doppler Ultrasound
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Used to examine blood flow in arms and legs.
Detects blood clots, venous insufficiency, vessel closing, or altered blood flow. |
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Echocardiography
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Uses ultrasound to produce graphic record of cardiac structures ( valves and dimensions of left atrium and ventricles )
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Electroencephalography ( EEG )
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Records electrical potentials produced in the brain to detect changes or abnormal brain wave patterns
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Electromyography
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Graphic recording of muscle electrical activity using surface or needle electrodes.
Used to evaluate muscular conditions. |