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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List 2 causes of pre-renal failure |
Hypovolaemia Heart failure |
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List 2 causes of post-renal failure |
Ureteric (kidney stones) Bladder outflow |
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List 5 causes of intrinsic failure |
Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) - ischaemic, toxic Nephritis Diabetes Reflux Hereditary |
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List 4 functions of the kidneys |
Regulating fluid volumes Electrolyte balance Excretion of metabolic wastes Synthesis of hormones erythropoietin and Vit D |
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List 4 features of renal failure and state if they are present in either chronic or acute versions |
Oedema: acute - maybe, chronic - definitely Hyperkalaemia: acute - definitely, chronic - yes Vomiting and drowsiness: acute - definitely, chronic - yes Anaemia and bone weakness: acute - no, chronic - definitely |
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What is normal creatinine levels? |
About 80ml/minute |
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What suggests renal damage? |
Raised creatinine |
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What relationship is there between creatinine levels and renal failure? |
Non-linear |
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Describe the GFR-creatinine relationship |
Non linear so a large drop in GFR initially has a small impact on creatinine levels although in steeper part of graph, a small drop in GFR can lead to a huge increase in creatinine levels |
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List 4 steps in initial management of renal failure |
1. Make patient safe with hyperkalaemia treatment 2. Optimise ECF with IV saline/bicarb 3. Check drug chart for nephrotoxins eg. gentamicin, heparin 4. Dialysis needed if the above fail? Send to ITU |
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List 4 management possibilities in the ongoing management of kidney failure |
Reassess the patient for K+, volume Imaging eg. ultrasound to visualise kidney Other blood tests eg. CK, electrophoresis Specialist sdvice in nephritis or chronicity (biopsy/dialysis) |
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List 4 features of haemodialysis |
Uses man-made membrane to filter wastes and remove extra fluid from blood Takes place in hospital (pt weight needs to be known) 3 times/week Universal, can be performed indefinitely |
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List 4 features of peritoneal dialysis |
Uses peritoneal membrane and dialysis fluid to filter wastes and extra fluids Takes place at home 3-4 times/day Suitable for people who can do their own treatment |
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Discuss advantages of HD and PD |
HD occurs for shorter amount of time and on fewer days per week PD gives you more freedom as can do it at home |
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What method would give best survival for renal failure |
Renal transplant (except 3 months after surgery as complications have higher risk than dialysis) |
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What is graft survival in renal transplantation? |
10 years
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