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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The urinary system consists of what 3 major structures?
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kidney, ureter, and urinary bladder
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The primary function of the kidney is
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ion/water balance, and elimination of urea, blood pH regulation, blood pressure, removal of toxins
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What is the functional unit of the kidney?
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nephrons
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Initial urine forms by filtration in what part of the nephron?
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Bowman's capsule
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Each Bowman's capsule surrounds a capillary bed call the _____?
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glomerulus
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The first section of the nephron is what?
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proximal tubule
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The proximal tubule is involved in reabsorption of what?
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Na+ and glucose, and most of the water reabsorbed from the urine
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The proximal tubule actively secretes what that is identified by the liver
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toxins
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The second unit in the nephron is what?
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Loop of Henle
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The Loop of Henle's function is what?
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NaCl/urea concentration gradient is established, some water reabsorption
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The third unit in the nephron is what?
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distal tubule
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The distal tubule's function is what?
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ion transport, some water reabsorption, buffers urine
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The final region of the nephron is what?
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collecting duct
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The collecting duct's function is what?
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water reabsorption
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Final urine contains what?
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little water, no glucose or amino acids, abundant urea, toxins, and ions found in excess in the body.
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Reabsorption in the collecting duct is enchanced by what heurohormone of the posterior pituitary gland?
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vasopressin
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The kidney actively regulates blood pressure through the ________ ________ ____________ system.
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Renin-Angiotensin_Aldosterone system.
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What is Renin?
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A hormone secreted by the kidney when pressure drops and filtration is compromised.
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What is Angiotensin II?
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A hormone that causes arteriolar vasoconstriction to increase BP
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What is Aldosterone
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A steroid hormone of the adrenal gland that increases Na+ uptake and water retention causing extracellular fluid volume
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What is released from the heart that promotes Na excretion and water loss to lower extracellular fluid volume?
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Atrial natriuretic peptide
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Each kidney has about how many nephrons?
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1 million
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Define filtration
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the process by which water and dissolved particles are pulled from blood
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Ammonia and many drugs are removed from the blood during
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tubular secretion
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The proximal tubule is where most of what is reabsorbed
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filtered salts and water
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Glomerular filtration rate is what?
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a passive process and is determined by a net filtration pressure
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What major ion is ACTIVELY reabsorbed by the tubule?
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Sodium
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What electrolyte is secreted in the distal convoluted tubule?
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Potassium
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Antibiotics and food additives are removed from the body by what?
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base transport system
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What must be present for the osmotic movement of water from the collecting duct
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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin
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What increases the reabsorption of calcium by the renal tubule?
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Parathormone
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Lab values for urine
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specific gravity 1,000-1.045
pH 4.8-7.5 glucose 0 |
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What is the product of broken down hemoglobin causing yellor to be pale yellow?
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urochrome
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Follow blood from start to end in the kidney
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Renal artery, interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries, interlobular arteries, afferent arterioles glomerular capillaries, efferent arterioles vasa recta, veins
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