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25 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
hereditary
transmission of genetic traits from parent to offspring
genetics
study of hereditary
monohybrid cross
cross involving one pair of contrasting traits
true-breeding
displaying only one form of a particular trait in offspring
P generation
(parental generation) the first two individuals that mate in a genetic cross
F1 generation
the first offspring from a cross of two varieties in the parental generation
F2 generation
the offspring from crosses among individuals of the F1 generation
allele
an alternative form of a gene
dominant
genetic trait that is expressed when its allele in homozygous or heterozygous
recessive
genetic trait that is not expressed when the contrasting form of the trait is present
homozygous
refers to an individual with two identical alleles for a trait
heterozygous
refers to an individual with two different alleles for a trait
genotype
the genetic makeup of an organism as indicated by its set of alleles
phenotype
observable characteristics of an organism
law of segregation
first law of heredity stating that pairs of alleles for a trait separate when gametes are formed
law of independant assortment
second law of heredity stating that pairs of genes separate independently of one another in meiosis
Punnett square
diagram used by biologists to predict the probable outcome of a genetic cross
test cross
a genetic cross of an individual whose phenotype is dominant but whose genotype is unknown, with a homozygous recessive individual
probabliity
the likelihood that a specific even will occur
pedigree
family history that shoes how a trait is inherited over several generations
sex linked trait
a trait that is determined by a gene found on the X chromosome
polygenic trait
characteristic of an organism that is influenced by several genes
incomplete dominance
condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate between the phenotype of its parents
codominance
condition in which both alleles for a gene are expressed when present
multiple alleles
the existence of more that two alleles (versions of a gene) for a genetic trait