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123 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Viruses have not been placed in any of the five kingdoms because.....
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They are generally not considered to be living organism. They cannot function outside of a host cell and are dependent upon the host's reproductive machinery to replicate.
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classification into kingdoms
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five different kingdoms
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Monera, protista, plantae, fungi, and animalia
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classification into kingdoms
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three different kingdoms
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Monera, plantae(including fungi), animalia (including protista)
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classification into kingdoms
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Moneras are ......., they lack a ......or ...........All monerans are ....... celled organisms that reproduce......
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nucleous or membrane bound organelles
single asexually |
classification into kingdoms
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The........kingdom contains .........organisms with both plant-like and animal-like characteristics
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protist
primitive eukaryotic |
classification into kingdoms
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Protists are either...cells or ......of similar cells with no differentiation of specialized tissues
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single
colonies |
classification into kingdoms
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Each protist cell possesses the capability to carry out all of the ..........
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life processes
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classification into kingdoms
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The protist kingdom contains all simple eukaryotes that ...........
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cannot be classified as plants or animalsclassification into kingdoms
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classification into kingdoms
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example of protist
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Euglena
the motility of animal and the photosynthetic capabilities of plants |
classification into kingdoms
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........may be considered non-photosynthetic plants.
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Fungi
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classification into kingdoms
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Fungi resemble plants in that they are...........
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multicellular, differentiated and non-motile
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classification into kingdoms
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Fingi are not ........., but they are either.......or parasitic.
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photosynthetic
saprophytic parasitic |
classification into kingdoms
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Fungi cell walls are composed of .......not .......
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chitin
cellulose |
classification into kingdoms
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........kingdom includes multicellular organisms that exhibit differentiation of tissue, are non-motile and photosynthetic.
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plant
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classification into kingdoms
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many plants exhibit .........and.........
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alternationof generation and a distinc embryonic phase
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classification into kingdoms
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the ......kingdom contains the multicellular, generally motile, heterotrophic oranism that have differentiated tissues 9and organs in higher forms)
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animal
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classification into kingdoms
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...... do not carry out phsiological or biochemical processes outside of a host.
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viruses
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Kingdom
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Viruses have .....and ......life cycles.
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lytic
lysogenic |
virus
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Viruses contain either......or ....and some ......... surrounded by ..........
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DNA
RNA essential enzymes protein coat |
virus
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Viruses which exclusively infectt bacteria are called.......
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bacteriophages
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monerans, also called......, are ..........cells.
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bacteria
prokaryotic |
kingdom monera
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Monerans may exist as .......cells, or as .....of cells that stick together after division.
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single
aggregate |
monera
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......, also called blue-green algae, live primarily in ......water but also exist in ......environment.
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cyanobacteria
fresh marine |
cyanno
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Cyanobacteria possess a ........and ......,but no....., .......,........or .........
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cell wall
photosynthetic pigments no flagella, nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondira |
cyano
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they can withstand .........., and are believed to be directly descended from the first organisms which developed photoysnthetic capailities
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extreme temperatures
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cyano
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bacteria play active roles in ........
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biogeochemical cycles; the recycling of various chemical such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur
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bacteria
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Bacteria may be classified by their ...........
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morphological apperances
cocci(round), bacilli(rods), spirilla(spiral), duplexes(diplococci), clusters(staphylococci) |
bacteria
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Kingdom protista
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protozoa
algae protists resembling fungi |
protista
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forms of protists
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unicellular
colonial form simple multicellular organism that are neither plants nor animal |
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Protists are .......and possess are.........nucleus and ........
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eukaryotes
membrane bound organelles |
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The kingdom protista includes two major categories.......and.......
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protozoa
algae |
protista
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protozoans are considered those single celled organisms that are ........
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heterotrophic like little animals
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protista
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.........., including amoebas, move with cellular extensions called........
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rhizopods
pseudopods |
protozoa
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........have cilia that are used for feeding and locomotion
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ciliophors
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protozoa
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Algae are primarily .........
organism. |
photosynthetic.
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algae
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Algae include the ........which are important sources of food for many marine organisms
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phytoflankton
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algae
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characteristics of Euglena
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considered as algal prostist
photosynthesize act as a heterotroph move with its flagellum |
algae
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the blue, green, and red algae can be ........and are sometimes placed in the ......kingdom
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multicellular
animal |
algae
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The slime molds are often placed in kingdom ........
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fungi. However, they appear to be more directly related to the protists
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protists resembling fungi
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The slime molds arranged in a................
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coenocytic mass of protoplasm
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protists resembling fungi
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Fungi are.........and primarily..........
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eukaryotes
multicellular |
Fungi
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All fungi are..........., which differentiates them from the plant kingdom
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heterotrophs
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fungi
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Fungi may be ..........., decomposing dead organic material, or ........
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saprophytic
parasitic |
fungi
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Fungi reproduce by ...........or ......
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asexual sporulation
intricate sexual processes |
fungi
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Notable types of fungi
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mushrooms, yeast and lichens
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fungi
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All plants are ......., ........,........
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multicellular, non-motile
photosynthetic autotrophs |
plantae
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plants have developed complex differentiated .....to adapt to a terrestrial life.
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tissues
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plantae tissue
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photosynthettic tissue layers contain ............
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ffor carbohydrate manufacture
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plantae tissue
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............on exposed surfaces minimize loss of water while permitting the transmittance of light
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waxy cuticles
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plantae tissue
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Cells are in direct contact with the external environment by means of ........and ......; therefore elaborate respiratory and excretory systems are unnecessary
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air space
stomata |
planate tissue
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simple plants with few specialized organs and tissues
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Bryophytes
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bryophyta
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Bryopytes lack........ which function in support in tracheophytes
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xylem
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bryophyta
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Bryophytes undergo alternation of generation. The ......is the dominant generation.
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gametophyte
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bryophyta
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In bryophyte, .......is small, short-lived, attached to the gametophyte, and grows from the ..........
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sporophyte
archegonium |
bryophyte
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two types of bryophytes
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mosses and liverworts
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bryophyte
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tracheophytes (........plants) are complex with a great degree of cell differenciation
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vascular plants
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tracheophyta
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Tracheophyta contain vascular tissues........and.........
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xylem and phloem
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tracheophyta
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Tracheophyta have developed excellent provisions for water conservation (........) and gas exchange (......)
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waxy surface
stomata |
tracheophyta
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Cellular water storage creates ...........
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turgid cells
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tracheophyta
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In contrast to bryophytes, in vascular plants, the .......is dominant
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sporophyte generation
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tracheophyte
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four divisions of vascular plant
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psilophytes, lycophyta, sphenophyta, pterophyta.
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tracheophyta
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the most primitive of the tracheophytes and contain rhizoids instread of roots and one vascular bundle
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psilophytes
example: psilotum |
tracheophyta
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example of lycophyta
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club mosses
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tracheophyta
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example of sphenophyta
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horsetail
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tracheophyta
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The largest division oof tracheophyta and include the familiar fern
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pterophytes
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tracheophyta
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........... are the largest grouping of gymnosperms, which are naked seeded plants.
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conifers
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coniferophyta
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Conifers include....,....,....,and....
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cycads, pines, spruce, and firs
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Conifers have......., spiral clusters of modified leaves
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cones
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two different types of cones
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large female cones, whose sporangia produce megaspores
small male cones, whose sporangia produce microspores |
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This division includes the flowering plants known as ..........
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angiosperms
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Angiosperms have....., not cones, as their principal reproductive structure.
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flowers
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anthophyta
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The.........of the male ..... produces .......(pollen grain) while .....of the female pistilproduce ......
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anther
stamen microspores ovary megaspore |
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two subclasses of the angiosperms
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Dicotyledons
monocotyledons |
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sponges
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porifera
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animalia
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The sponges have ........., ....., are....., and have..........of cellular specialization
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two layers of cell
pores sessile low degree |
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examples of cnidarians
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hydra, jellyfish, sea anemone, coral
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Cnidarians, also called ......, contain.......that is sealed at one end.
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coelenterates
digestive sac |
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There are two layers of cell in cnidarians
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actoderm
endoderm |
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specialized features of cnidarians
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tentacles, stinging cell, and net nerves
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examples of platyhelminthes
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flatworms
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flatworms are ribbonlike, .............., and possess layers of cells inclding a solid ........
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bilaterally symmetrical
mesoderm |
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flatworms don't have ......systems.
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circulatory system
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Flatworms nervous system consist of .......,.......,........
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eyes, anterior brain, ganglion, and a pair of longitudinal nerve cord
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examples of nematoda
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hookworm, trichina, free-living soil nematodes
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Round worms possess......and ......
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long digestive tubes and an anus
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..........is present in nematoda
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solid mesoderm
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Nematodes lack ....... They possess......and .......
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circulatory system
nerve cord anterior nerve ring |
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examples of annelida
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earthworms, leeches
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Annelida (segmented worms) possess a ........(true body cavity) contained in the ......
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coelom
mesoderm |
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Anenelids have well defined systems including....., ....., .....
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nervous system
circulatory system excretory system |
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...... are softbodied and possess mantles which often secrete calcareous exoskeletons.
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Mollusks
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Mollusks breathe by....and contain......,...., a pair of ventral nerve ......
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gill
chambered hearts blood sinuses a pair of ventral nerve cord |
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examples of mollusks
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clams, snails, and squid
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..........have jointed appendages, chitinous exoskeletons, and open circulatory system
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arthropods
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The three most important classes of arthropods
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insects, arachnids, and crustaceans
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examples of arachnids
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scorpion
spider |
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examples of crustaceans
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lobster, crayfish, shrimp
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.........spiny, radially symmetrical, contain awater-vascular system, and possess the capacity for regeneration of parts
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Echinoderms
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Examples of echinoderms
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starfish
sea urchin |
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.........are chracterized by a stiff dorsal rod called......present at some stage of embryologic development
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chordates
notochord |
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chordates have .......and.........beyond the anus at some point during development.
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paired gill slits
a tail extending |
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examples of cordates
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lancelets
tunicates |
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the most advanced sybphylum of the chordates
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vertebrate
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Vertebrates include.....,.....,......m....m.....
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amphibians, reptiles, birds, fish, and mammals
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in addition to the chordate characteristics, vertebrates also possess bones called..... which form the .....
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vertebrae
backbone |
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............replace the notochord of the embryo and protect the nerve cord.
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bony vertebrae
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classes of vertebrate
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fish, amphibia, reptiles, birds, mammals
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three kinds of fish
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jawless fish
cartilagious fish bonyfish |
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All fish possess a .......heart, gills, and .........for reproduction
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two chambered
utilize external fertilization |
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jawlees fish are.....like, retain.......throughout life, have a.....internal skeleton, .....jaws, and a .....mouth.
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eel-like
notochord cartilaginous no jaws sucking mouth |
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examples of jawless fish
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lamprey
hagfish |
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.......fish possess jaws and ......
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cartilaginous
teeth |
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Catilagiouns fish have ........existing .....between carilaginous vertebrae.
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notochord
segment |
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examples of cartilagious fish
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shark
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the most prvalent type of fish
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bony fish
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Bony fish have .....and lack .......in the adult form. During develpment .......is replaced by a .......
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scales, and notochord
cartilage bony skeleton |
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examples of bony fish
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sturgeon, trout, tuna
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laval stage of amphibia
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tadpole
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adult amphibian has .....heart
and ........ |
three chambered
utilize external fertilization |
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examples of amphibia
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frog, salamander, toad, newt
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reproduction of reptile
.......heart |
utilize internal fertilization
three chambered |
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examples of reptiles
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turtle, lizard, snake and crocodile
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Birds have ....heard. They are......
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four-chambered
warm blooded |
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