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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
3 compartments of eye
|
anterior chamber
posterior chamber vitreous cavity |
|
anterior chamber is between ___ and ___
|
cornea
iris |
|
posterior chamber is between ___ and ___
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iris
lens |
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vitreous cavity is between ___ and ___
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lens
internal wall of eyeball |
|
3 layers of wall of eyeball (from out to in)
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corneoscleral coat
uvea retina |
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3 parts of corneoscleral coat
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cornea
sclera limbus |
|
the cornea has ___ layers. the 4 layer in is the ___. it is produced by ___, which is the ___th layer
|
5
Descemet membrane corneal endothelium innermost |
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at the ___, Descemet membrane becomes ___ and then ___.
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limbus
trabecular meshwork the canal of Schlemm |
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3 parts of uvea
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choroid
ciliary body iris |
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ciliary body does ___ (2)
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lens shape
aqueous humor |
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2 kinds of muscle in iris
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sphincter pupillae
radial dilator |
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sphincter pupillae is under ___ control. its fibers are arranged ___ly.
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para
circumferential |
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radial dilator is under ___ control. its fibers are arranged ___ly.
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sym
radial |
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cataracts are caused by accumulation of ___ in ___, which are ___.
|
pigment
lens fibers anucleate cells |
|
7 layers of retina
|
pigment epithelium
outer nuclear layer outer plexiform layer inner nuclear layer inner plexiform layer ganglion layer internal limiting membrane |
|
outer nuclear layer contains ___, i.e. ___ (2)
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photoreceptors
rods cones |
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photoreceptors are ___ neurons and contain ___ in their dendrite
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bipolar
photosensitive pigment |
|
rods contain the pigment ___ and are for ___ vision
|
rhodopsin
low light level |
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cones contain the pigment ___ for sensing ___.
|
iodopsin
red |
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outer plexiform layer is composed of synapses between ___ and ___
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photoreceptors
bipolar cells |
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inner nuclear layer contains nuclei of ___
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bipolar cells
|
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inner plexiform layer contains synapses between ___ and ___
|
bipolar cells
ganglion cells |
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sound is relayed from outer ear to middle by ___
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tympanic membrane
|
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the bones in the middle ear are ___ and are collectively called ___. they serve to ___ sound.
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malleus
incus stapes ossicles amplify |
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___ is the ossicle connected with tympanic membrane
___ is the ossicle which bangs on the cochlea they are connected by ___ |
malleus
stapes incus |
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the stapes interfaces with the cochlea at ___, which leads into the ___
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oval window
scala vestibuli |
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eustachian tube connects ___ and ___
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middle ear
nasopharynx |
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2 parts of inner ear
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osseous labyrinth
membranous labyrinth |
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the membranous labyrinth is inside ___
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osseous labyrinth
|
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fluid in osseous labyrinth
this fluid is similar in electrolyte composition to ___ |
perilymph
CSF (low K+, high Na+, high Ca2+) |
|
3 parts of membranous labyrinth
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cochlear duct (scala media)
otolith organs semicircular canals |
|
fluid in membranous labyrinth
this fluid is similar in electrolyte composition to ___ |
endolymph
intracellular fluid (high K+, low Na+) |
|
___ is epithelium lining the lateral wall of the scala media. it does ___.
|
stria vascularis
makes endolymph |
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___ separates scala vestibuli from scala media
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Reissner membrane
|
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___ separates scala media from scala tympani
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basilar membrane (membranous spiral lamina)
|
|
___ sits on basilar membrane and contains sound-transducing apparatus
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organ of corti
|
|
___ cells transduce sound
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hair
|
|
2 kinds of hair cells
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inner
outer |
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inner hair cells do ___
outer hair cells do ___ |
sound transduction
sound amplification |
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sound transduction by hair cells occurs by vibration of ___, which can brush against ___ membrane
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stereocilia
tectorial |
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deflection of inner hair cells stereocilia causes ___ influx from ___ at ___, causing ___. This allows ___ influx from ___ at ___, which causes ___.
|
K+
endolymph apical membrane depolarization Ca2+ perilymph basilar membrane neurotransmitter exocytosis |
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the proximal part of the basilar membrane is ___ (2), making it sense ___ sound. the distal part of the basilar membrane is ___ (2) making it sense ___ sound.
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stiff
narrow high-frequency floppy broad low-frequency |
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2 otolith organs
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utricle
saccule |
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receptor organs of otolith organs
|
maculae
|
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otoliths are mostly ___
|
Ca2+ carbonate
|
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otolith organs sense ___ acceleration
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linear
|
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receptor organs of semicircular canals
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cristae ampullaris
|
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semicircular canals sense ___ acceleration
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rotational
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